merge: Enable re-use of virtual machine workload helpers

This pull request enables re-use of virtual machine workload helpers by extracting the helpers into a 
separate module which may be used by other experiments.

- Support workload/machine CPU count mismatch
- Extract common code out of Capelin experiments
- Support flexible topology creation
- Add option for optimizing SimHost simulation
- Support creating CPU-optimized topology
- Make workload sampling model extensible
- Add support for extended Bitbrains trace format 
- Add support for Azure VM trace format
- Add support for internal OpenDC VM trace format
- Optimize OpenDC VM trace format
- Add tool for converting workload traces
- Remove dependency on SnakeYaml 

**Breaking API Changes**

-   `RESOURCE_NCPU` and `RESOURCE_STATE_NCPU` are renamed to `RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT` and `RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT` respectively.

13 files changed, 673 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/build.gradle.kts b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/build.gradle.kts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b9c242a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/build.gradle.kts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+description = "Support for OpenDC-specific trace formats"
+
+/* Build configuration */
+plugins {
+    `kotlin-library-conventions`
+    `testing-conventions`
+    `jacoco-conventions`
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    api(platform(projects.opendcPlatform))
+    api(projects.opendcTrace.opendcTraceApi)
+
+    implementation(projects.opendcTrace.opendcTraceParquet)
+
+    testRuntimeOnly(libs.slf4j.simple)
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceStateTable.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceStateTable.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bee4ba7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceStateTable.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.opendc
+
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import org.opendc.trace.util.parquet.LocalParquetReader
+import java.nio.file.Path
+
+/**
+ * The resource state [Table] in the OpenDC virtual machine trace format.
+ */
+internal class OdcVmResourceStateTable(private val path: Path) : Table {
+    override val name: String = TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES
+    override val isSynthetic: Boolean = false
+
+    override val columns: List<TableColumn<*>> = listOf(
+        RESOURCE_STATE_ID,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_DURATION,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE,
+    )
+
+    override fun newReader(): TableReader {
+        val reader = LocalParquetReader<GenericRecord>(path.resolve("trace.parquet"))
+        return OdcVmResourceStateTableReader(reader)
+    }
+
+    override fun newReader(partition: String): TableReader {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Unknown partition $partition")
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceStateTableReader.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceStateTableReader.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..df3bcfa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceStateTableReader.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.opendc
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import org.opendc.trace.util.parquet.LocalParquetReader
+import java.time.Duration
+import java.time.Instant
+
+/**
+ * A [TableReader] implementation for the OpenDC virtual machine trace format.
+ */
+internal class OdcVmResourceStateTableReader(private val reader: LocalParquetReader<GenericRecord>) : TableReader {
+    /**
+     * The current record.
+     */
+    private var record: GenericRecord? = null
+
+    /**
+     * A flag to indicate that the columns have been initialized.
+     */
+    private var hasInitializedColumns = false
+
+    override fun nextRow(): Boolean {
+        val record = reader.read()
+        this.record = record
+
+        if (!hasInitializedColumns && record != null) {
+            initColumns(record.schema)
+            hasInitializedColumns = true
+        }
+
+        return record != null
+    }
+
+    override fun hasColumn(column: TableColumn<*>): Boolean {
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_STATE_ID -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_DURATION -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE -> true
+            else -> false
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun <T> get(column: TableColumn<T>): T {
+        val record = checkNotNull(record) { "Reader in invalid state" }
+
+        @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+        val res: Any = when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_STATE_ID -> record[COL_ID].toString()
+            RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP -> Instant.ofEpochMilli(record[COL_TIMESTAMP] as Long)
+            RESOURCE_STATE_DURATION -> Duration.ofMillis(record[COL_DURATION] as Long)
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT -> getInt(RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT)
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE -> getDouble(RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE)
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+
+        @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+        return res as T
+    }
+
+    override fun getBoolean(column: TableColumn<Boolean>): Boolean {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+    }
+
+    override fun getInt(column: TableColumn<Int>): Int {
+        val record = checkNotNull(record) { "Reader in invalid state" }
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT -> record[COL_CPU_COUNT] as Int
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun getLong(column: TableColumn<Long>): Long {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+    }
+
+    override fun getDouble(column: TableColumn<Double>): Double {
+        val record = checkNotNull(record) { "Reader in invalid state" }
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE -> (record[COL_CPU_USAGE] as Number).toDouble()
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun close() {
+        reader.close()
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String = "OdcVmResourceStateTableReader"
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the columns for the reader based on [schema].
+     */
+    private fun initColumns(schema: Schema) {
+        try {
+            COL_ID = schema.getField("id").pos()
+            COL_TIMESTAMP = (schema.getField("timestamp") ?: schema.getField("time")).pos()
+            COL_DURATION = schema.getField("duration").pos()
+            COL_CPU_COUNT = (schema.getField("cpu_count") ?: schema.getField("cores")).pos()
+            COL_CPU_USAGE = (schema.getField("cpu_usage") ?: schema.getField("cpuUsage")).pos()
+        } catch (e: NullPointerException) {
+            // This happens when the field we are trying to access does not exist
+            throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid schema", e)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var COL_ID = -1
+    private var COL_TIMESTAMP = -1
+    private var COL_DURATION = -1
+    private var COL_CPU_COUNT = -1
+    private var COL_CPU_USAGE = -1
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceTable.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceTable.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1456560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceTable.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.opendc
+
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import org.opendc.trace.util.parquet.LocalParquetReader
+import java.nio.file.Path
+
+/**
+ * The resource [Table] for the OpenDC virtual machine trace format.
+ */
+internal class OdcVmResourceTable(private val path: Path) : Table {
+    override val name: String = TABLE_RESOURCES
+    override val isSynthetic: Boolean = false
+
+    override val columns: List<TableColumn<*>> = listOf(
+        RESOURCE_ID,
+        RESOURCE_START_TIME,
+        RESOURCE_STOP_TIME,
+        RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT,
+        RESOURCE_MEM_CAPACITY,
+    )
+
+    override fun newReader(): TableReader {
+        val reader = LocalParquetReader<GenericRecord>(path.resolve("meta.parquet"))
+        return OdcVmResourceTableReader(reader)
+    }
+
+    override fun newReader(partition: String): TableReader {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Unknown partition $partition")
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceTableReader.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceTableReader.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c52da62d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceTableReader.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.opendc
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import org.opendc.trace.util.parquet.LocalParquetReader
+import java.time.Instant
+
+/**
+ * A [TableReader] implementation for the resources table in the OpenDC virtual machine trace format.
+ */
+internal class OdcVmResourceTableReader(private val reader: LocalParquetReader<GenericRecord>) : TableReader {
+    /**
+     * The current record.
+     */
+    private var record: GenericRecord? = null
+
+    /**
+     * A flag to indicate that the columns have been initialized.
+     */
+    private var hasInitializedColumns = false
+
+    override fun nextRow(): Boolean {
+        val record = reader.read()
+        this.record = record
+
+        if (!hasInitializedColumns && record != null) {
+            initColumns(record.schema)
+            hasInitializedColumns = true
+        }
+
+        return record != null
+    }
+
+    override fun hasColumn(column: TableColumn<*>): Boolean {
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_ID -> true
+            RESOURCE_START_TIME -> true
+            RESOURCE_STOP_TIME -> true
+            RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT -> true
+            RESOURCE_MEM_CAPACITY -> true
+            else -> false
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun <T> get(column: TableColumn<T>): T {
+        val record = checkNotNull(record) { "Reader in invalid state" }
+
+        @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+        val res: Any = when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_ID -> record[COL_ID].toString()
+            RESOURCE_START_TIME -> Instant.ofEpochMilli(record[COL_START_TIME] as Long)
+            RESOURCE_STOP_TIME -> Instant.ofEpochMilli(record[COL_STOP_TIME] as Long)
+            RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT -> getInt(RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT)
+            RESOURCE_MEM_CAPACITY -> getDouble(RESOURCE_MEM_CAPACITY)
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+
+        @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+        return res as T
+    }
+
+    override fun getBoolean(column: TableColumn<Boolean>): Boolean {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+    }
+
+    override fun getInt(column: TableColumn<Int>): Int {
+        val record = checkNotNull(record) { "Reader in invalid state" }
+
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT -> record[COL_CPU_COUNT] as Int
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun getLong(column: TableColumn<Long>): Long {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+    }
+
+    override fun getDouble(column: TableColumn<Double>): Double {
+        val record = checkNotNull(record) { "Reader in invalid state" }
+
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_MEM_CAPACITY -> (record[COL_MEM_CAPACITY] as Number).toDouble()
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun close() {
+        reader.close()
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String = "OdcVmResourceTableReader"
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the columns for the reader based on [schema].
+     */
+    private fun initColumns(schema: Schema) {
+        try {
+            COL_ID = schema.getField("id").pos()
+            COL_START_TIME = (schema.getField("start_time") ?: schema.getField("submissionTime")).pos()
+            COL_STOP_TIME = (schema.getField("stop_time") ?: schema.getField("endTime")).pos()
+            COL_CPU_COUNT = (schema.getField("cpu_count") ?: schema.getField("maxCores")).pos()
+            COL_MEM_CAPACITY = (schema.getField("mem_capacity") ?: schema.getField("requiredMemory")).pos()
+        } catch (e: NullPointerException) {
+            // This happens when the field we are trying to access does not exist
+            throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid schema")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var COL_ID = -1
+    private var COL_START_TIME = -1
+    private var COL_STOP_TIME = -1
+    private var COL_CPU_COUNT = -1
+    private var COL_MEM_CAPACITY = -1
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTrace.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTrace.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3e5029b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTrace.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.opendc
+
+import org.opendc.trace.TABLE_RESOURCES
+import org.opendc.trace.TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES
+import org.opendc.trace.Table
+import org.opendc.trace.Trace
+import java.nio.file.Path
+
+/**
+ * A [Trace] in the OpenDC virtual machine trace format.
+ */
+public class OdcVmTrace internal constructor(private val path: Path) : Trace {
+    override val tables: List<String> = listOf(TABLE_RESOURCES, TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES)
+
+    override fun containsTable(name: String): Boolean =
+        name == TABLE_RESOURCES || name == TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES
+
+    override fun getTable(name: String): Table? {
+        return when (name) {
+            TABLE_RESOURCES -> OdcVmResourceTable(path)
+            TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES -> OdcVmResourceStateTable(path)
+            else -> null
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String = "OdcVmTrace[$path]"
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTraceFormat.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTraceFormat.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8edba725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTraceFormat.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.opendc
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaBuilder
+import org.opendc.trace.spi.TraceFormat
+import org.opendc.trace.util.parquet.TIMESTAMP_SCHEMA
+import java.net.URL
+import java.nio.file.Paths
+import kotlin.io.path.exists
+
+/**
+ * A [TraceFormat] implementation of the OpenDC virtual machine trace format.
+ */
+public class OdcVmTraceFormat : TraceFormat {
+    /**
+     * The name of this trace format.
+     */
+    override val name: String = "opendc-vm"
+
+    /**
+     * Open a Bitbrains Parquet trace.
+     */
+    override fun open(url: URL): OdcVmTrace {
+        val path = Paths.get(url.toURI())
+        require(path.exists()) { "URL $url does not exist" }
+        return OdcVmTrace(path)
+    }
+
+    public companion object {
+        /**
+         * Schema for the resources table in the trace.
+         */
+        @JvmStatic
+        public val RESOURCES_SCHEMA: Schema = SchemaBuilder
+            .record("resource")
+            .namespace("org.opendc.trace.opendc")
+            .fields()
+            .requiredString("id")
+            .name("start_time").type(TIMESTAMP_SCHEMA).noDefault()
+            .name("stop_time").type(TIMESTAMP_SCHEMA).noDefault()
+            .requiredInt("cpu_count")
+            .requiredLong("mem_capacity")
+            .endRecord()
+
+        /**
+         * Schema for the resource states table in the trace.
+         */
+        @JvmStatic
+        public val RESOURCE_STATES_SCHEMA: Schema = SchemaBuilder
+            .record("resource_state")
+            .namespace("org.opendc.trace.opendc")
+            .fields()
+            .requiredString("id")
+            .name("timestamp").type(TIMESTAMP_SCHEMA).noDefault()
+            .requiredLong("duration")
+            .requiredInt("cpu_count")
+            .requiredDouble("cpu_usage")
+            .endRecord()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.opendc.trace.spi.TraceFormat b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.opendc.trace.spi.TraceFormat
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..94094af4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.opendc.trace.spi.TraceFormat
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+org.opendc.trace.opendc.OdcVmTraceFormat
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTraceFormatTest.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTraceFormatTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..42eb369e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTraceFormatTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.opendc
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.assertDoesNotThrow
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.assertThrows
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import java.io.File
+import java.net.URL
+
+/**
+ * Test suite for the [OdcVmTraceFormat] implementation.
+ */
+internal class OdcVmTraceFormatTest {
+    private val format = OdcVmTraceFormat()
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTraceExists() {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/trace-v2.1").toURI().toURL()
+        assertDoesNotThrow { format.open(url) }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTraceDoesNotExists() {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/trace-v2.1").toURI().toURL()
+        assertThrows<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            format.open(URL(url.toString() + "help"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTables() {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/trace-v2.1").toURI().toURL()
+        val trace = format.open(url)
+
+        assertEquals(listOf(TABLE_RESOURCES, TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES), trace.tables)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTableExists() {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/trace-v2.1").toURI().toURL()
+        val table = format.open(url).getTable(TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES)
+
+        assertNotNull(table)
+        assertDoesNotThrow { table!!.newReader() }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTableDoesNotExist() {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/trace-v2.1").toURI().toURL()
+        val trace = format.open(url)
+
+        assertFalse(trace.containsTable("test"))
+        assertNull(trace.getTable("test"))
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(strings = ["trace-v2.0", "trace-v2.1"])
+    fun testResources(name: String) {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/$name").toURI().toURL()
+        val trace = format.open(url)
+
+        val reader = trace.getTable(TABLE_RESOURCES)!!.newReader()
+
+        assertAll(
+            { assertTrue(reader.nextRow()) },
+            { assertEquals("1019", reader.get(RESOURCE_ID)) },
+            { assertTrue(reader.nextRow()) },
+            { assertEquals("1023", reader.get(RESOURCE_ID)) },
+            { assertTrue(reader.nextRow()) },
+            { assertEquals("1052", reader.get(RESOURCE_ID)) },
+            { assertTrue(reader.nextRow()) },
+            { assertEquals("1073", reader.get(RESOURCE_ID)) },
+            { assertFalse(reader.nextRow()) }
+        )
+
+        reader.close()
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(strings = ["trace-v2.0", "trace-v2.1"])
+    fun testSmoke(name: String) {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/$name").toURI().toURL()
+        val trace = format.open(url)
+
+        val reader = trace.getTable(TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES)!!.newReader()
+
+        assertAll(
+            { assertTrue(reader.nextRow()) },
+            { assertEquals("1019", reader.get(RESOURCE_STATE_ID)) },
+            { assertEquals(1376314846, reader.get(RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP).epochSecond) },
+            { assertEquals(0.0, reader.getDouble(RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE), 0.01) }
+        )
+
+        reader.close()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.0/meta.parquet b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.0/meta.parquet
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6ff09d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.0/meta.parquet
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.0/trace.parquet b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.0/trace.parquet
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b6fa6b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.0/trace.parquet
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.1/meta.parquet b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.1/meta.parquet
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d8184945
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.1/meta.parquet
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.1/trace.parquet b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.1/trace.parquet
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..00ab5835
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.1/trace.parquet