merge: Enable re-use of virtual machine workload helpers

This pull request enables re-use of virtual machine workload helpers by extracting the helpers into a separate module which may be used by other experiments. - Support workload/machine CPU count mismatch - Extract common code out of Capelin experiments - Support flexible topology creation - Add option for optimizing SimHost simulation - Support creating CPU-optimized topology - Make workload sampling model extensible - Add support for extended Bitbrains trace format - Add support for Azure VM trace format - Add support for internal OpenDC VM trace format - Optimize OpenDC VM trace format - Add tool for converting workload traces - Remove dependency on SnakeYaml **Breaking API Changes** - `RESOURCE_NCPU` and `RESOURCE_STATE_NCPU` are renamed to `RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT` and `RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT` respectively.
author: Fabian Mastenbroek <mail.fabianm@gmail.com> 2021-09-19 14:33:05 +0200
committer: GitHub <noreply@github.com> 2021-09-19 14:33:05 +0200
commit: 453c25c4b453fa0af26bebbd8863abfb79218119 (patch)
tree: 7977e81ec34ce7f57d8b14a717ccb63f54cd03cb /opendc-trace
parent: c1b9719aad10566c9d17f9eb757236c58a602b89 (diff)
parent: 76a0f8889a4990108bc7906556dec6381647404b (diff)
38 files changed, 2449 insertions, 7 deletions
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-api/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/ResourceColumns.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-api/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/ResourceColumns.kt
index e2e5ea6d..219002e0 100644
--- a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-api/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/ResourceColumns.kt
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-api/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/ResourceColumns.kt
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public val RESOURCE_STOP_TIME: TableColumn<Instant> = TableColumn("resource:stop
  * Number of CPUs for the resource.
  */
 @JvmField
-public val RESOURCE_NCPUS: TableColumn<Int> = intColumn("resource:num_cpus")
+public val RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT: TableColumn<Int> = intColumn("resource:cpu_count")
 
 /**
  * Memory capacity for the resource in KB.
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-api/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/ResourceStateColumns.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-api/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/ResourceStateColumns.kt
index 1933967e..b683923b 100644
--- a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-api/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/ResourceStateColumns.kt
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-api/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/ResourceStateColumns.kt
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ public val RESOURCE_STATE_POWERED_ON: TableColumn<Boolean> = booleanColumn("reso
  * Number of CPUs for the resource.
  */
 @JvmField
-public val RESOURCE_STATE_NCPUS: TableColumn<Int> = intColumn("resource_state:ncpus")
+public val RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT: TableColumn<Int> = intColumn("resource_state:cpu_count")
 
 /**
  * Total CPU capacity of the resource in MHz.
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/build.gradle.kts b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/build.gradle.kts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8bde56cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/build.gradle.kts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+description = "Support for Azure VM traces in OpenDC"
+
+/* Build configuration */
+plugins {
+    `kotlin-library-conventions`
+    `testing-conventions`
+    `jacoco-conventions`
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    api(platform(projects.opendcPlatform))
+    api(projects.opendcTrace.opendcTraceApi)
+    implementation(libs.jackson.dataformat.csv)
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureResourceStateTable.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureResourceStateTable.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..84c9b347
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureResourceStateTable.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.azure
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.csv.CsvFactory
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import java.nio.file.Files
+import java.nio.file.Path
+import java.util.stream.Collectors
+import kotlin.io.path.extension
+import kotlin.io.path.nameWithoutExtension
+
+/**
+ * The resource state [Table] for the Azure v1 VM traces.
+ */
+internal class AzureResourceStateTable(private val factory: CsvFactory, path: Path) : Table {
+    /**
+     * The partitions that belong to the table.
+     */
+    private val partitions = Files.walk(path.resolve("vm_cpu_readings"), 1)
+        .filter { !Files.isDirectory(it) && it.extension == "csv" }
+        .collect(Collectors.toMap({ it.nameWithoutExtension }, { it }))
+        .toSortedMap()
+
+    override val name: String = TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES
+
+    override val isSynthetic: Boolean = false
+
+    override val columns: List<TableColumn<*>> = listOf(
+        RESOURCE_STATE_ID,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE_PCT
+    )
+
+    override fun newReader(): TableReader {
+        val it = partitions.iterator()
+
+        return object : TableReader {
+            var delegate: TableReader? = nextDelegate()
+
+            override fun nextRow(): Boolean {
+                var delegate = delegate
+
+                while (delegate != null) {
+                    if (delegate.nextRow()) {
+                        break
+                    }
+
+                    delegate.close()
+                    delegate = nextDelegate()
+                    this.delegate = delegate
+                }
+
+                return delegate != null
+            }
+
+            override fun hasColumn(column: TableColumn<*>): Boolean = delegate?.hasColumn(column) ?: false
+
+            override fun <T> get(column: TableColumn<T>): T {
+                val delegate = checkNotNull(delegate) { "Invalid reader state" }
+                return delegate.get(column)
+            }
+
+            override fun getBoolean(column: TableColumn<Boolean>): Boolean {
+                val delegate = checkNotNull(delegate) { "Invalid reader state" }
+                return delegate.getBoolean(column)
+            }
+
+            override fun getInt(column: TableColumn<Int>): Int {
+                val delegate = checkNotNull(delegate) { "Invalid reader state" }
+                return delegate.getInt(column)
+            }
+
+            override fun getLong(column: TableColumn<Long>): Long {
+                val delegate = checkNotNull(delegate) { "Invalid reader state" }
+                return delegate.getLong(column)
+            }
+
+            override fun getDouble(column: TableColumn<Double>): Double {
+                val delegate = checkNotNull(delegate) { "Invalid reader state" }
+                return delegate.getDouble(column)
+            }
+
+            override fun close() {
+                delegate?.close()
+            }
+
+            private fun nextDelegate(): TableReader? {
+                return if (it.hasNext()) {
+                    val (_, path) = it.next()
+                    return AzureResourceStateTableReader(factory.createParser(path.toFile()))
+                } else {
+                    null
+                }
+            }
+
+            override fun toString(): String = "AzureCompositeTableReader"
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun newReader(partition: String): TableReader {
+        val path = requireNotNull(partitions[partition]) { "Invalid partition $partition" }
+        return AzureResourceStateTableReader(factory.createParser(path.toFile()))
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String = "AzureResourceStateTable"
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureResourceStateTableReader.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureResourceStateTableReader.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c17a17ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureResourceStateTableReader.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.azure
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonToken
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.csv.CsvParser
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.csv.CsvSchema
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import java.time.Instant
+
+/**
+ * A [TableReader] for the Azure v1 VM resource state table.
+ */
+internal class AzureResourceStateTableReader(private val parser: CsvParser) : TableReader {
+    init {
+        parser.schema = schema
+    }
+
+    override fun nextRow(): Boolean {
+        reset()
+
+        if (!nextStart()) {
+            return false
+        }
+
+        while (true) {
+            val token = parser.nextValue()
+
+            if (token == null || token == JsonToken.END_OBJECT) {
+                break
+            }
+
+            when (parser.currentName) {
+                "timestamp" -> timestamp = Instant.ofEpochSecond(parser.longValue)
+                "vm id" -> id = parser.text
+                "CPU avg cpu" -> cpuUsagePct = parser.doubleValue
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true
+    }
+
+    override fun hasColumn(column: TableColumn<*>): Boolean {
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_STATE_ID -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE_PCT -> true
+            else -> false
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun <T> get(column: TableColumn<T>): T {
+        val res: Any? = when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_STATE_ID -> id
+            RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP -> timestamp
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE_PCT -> cpuUsagePct
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+
+        @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+        return res as T
+    }
+
+    override fun getBoolean(column: TableColumn<Boolean>): Boolean {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+    }
+
+    override fun getInt(column: TableColumn<Int>): Int {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+    }
+
+    override fun getLong(column: TableColumn<Long>): Long {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+    }
+
+    override fun getDouble(column: TableColumn<Double>): Double {
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE_PCT -> cpuUsagePct
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun close() {
+        parser.close()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Advance the parser until the next object start.
+     */
+    private fun nextStart(): Boolean {
+        var token = parser.nextValue()
+
+        while (token != null && token != JsonToken.START_OBJECT) {
+            token = parser.nextValue()
+        }
+
+        return token != null
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * State fields of the reader.
+     */
+    private var id: String? = null
+    private var timestamp: Instant? = null
+    private var cpuUsagePct = Double.NaN
+
+    /**
+     * Reset the state.
+     */
+    private fun reset() {
+        id = null
+        timestamp = null
+        cpuUsagePct = Double.NaN
+    }
+
+    companion object {
+        /**
+         * The [CsvSchema] that is used to parse the trace.
+         */
+        private val schema = CsvSchema.builder()
+            .addColumn("timestamp", CsvSchema.ColumnType.NUMBER)
+            .addColumn("vm id", CsvSchema.ColumnType.STRING)
+            .addColumn("CPU min cpu", CsvSchema.ColumnType.NUMBER)
+            .addColumn("CPU max cpu", CsvSchema.ColumnType.NUMBER)
+            .addColumn("CPU avg cpu", CsvSchema.ColumnType.NUMBER)
+            .setAllowComments(true)
+            .build()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureResourceTable.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureResourceTable.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..96ee3158
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureResourceTable.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.azure
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.csv.CsvFactory
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import java.nio.file.Path
+
+/**
+ * The resource [Table] for the Azure v1 VM traces.
+ */
+internal class AzureResourceTable(private val factory: CsvFactory, private val path: Path) : Table {
+    override val name: String = TABLE_RESOURCES
+
+    override val isSynthetic: Boolean = false
+
+    override val columns: List<TableColumn<*>> = listOf(
+        RESOURCE_ID,
+        RESOURCE_START_TIME,
+        RESOURCE_STOP_TIME,
+        RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT,
+        RESOURCE_MEM_CAPACITY
+    )
+
+    override fun newReader(): TableReader {
+        return AzureResourceTableReader(factory.createParser(path.resolve("vmtable/vmtable.csv").toFile()))
+    }
+
+    override fun newReader(partition: String): TableReader {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("No partition $partition")
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String = "AzureResourceTable"
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureResourceTableReader.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureResourceTableReader.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5ea97483
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureResourceTableReader.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.azure
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonToken
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.csv.CsvParser
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.csv.CsvSchema
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import java.time.Instant
+
+/**
+ * A [TableReader] for the Azure v1 VM resources table.
+ */
+internal class AzureResourceTableReader(private val parser: CsvParser) : TableReader {
+    init {
+        parser.schema = schema
+    }
+
+    override fun nextRow(): Boolean {
+        reset()
+
+        if (!nextStart()) {
+            return false
+        }
+
+        while (true) {
+            val token = parser.nextValue()
+
+            if (token == null || token == JsonToken.END_OBJECT) {
+                break
+            }
+
+            when (parser.currentName) {
+                "vm id" -> id = parser.text
+                "vm created" -> startTime = Instant.ofEpochSecond(parser.longValue)
+                "vm deleted" -> stopTime = Instant.ofEpochSecond(parser.longValue)
+                "vm virtual core count" -> cpuCores = parser.intValue
+                "vm memory" -> memCapacity = parser.doubleValue * 1e6 // GB to KB
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true
+    }
+
+    override fun hasColumn(column: TableColumn<*>): Boolean {
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_ID -> true
+            RESOURCE_START_TIME -> true
+            RESOURCE_STOP_TIME -> true
+            RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT -> true
+            RESOURCE_MEM_CAPACITY -> true
+            else -> false
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun <T> get(column: TableColumn<T>): T {
+        val res: Any? = when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_ID -> id
+            RESOURCE_START_TIME -> startTime
+            RESOURCE_STOP_TIME -> stopTime
+            RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT -> getInt(RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT)
+            RESOURCE_MEM_CAPACITY -> getDouble(RESOURCE_MEM_CAPACITY)
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+
+        @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+        return res as T
+    }
+
+    override fun getBoolean(column: TableColumn<Boolean>): Boolean {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+    }
+
+    override fun getInt(column: TableColumn<Int>): Int {
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT -> cpuCores
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun getLong(column: TableColumn<Long>): Long {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+    }
+
+    override fun getDouble(column: TableColumn<Double>): Double {
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_MEM_CAPACITY -> memCapacity
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun close() {
+        parser.close()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Advance the parser until the next object start.
+     */
+    private fun nextStart(): Boolean {
+        var token = parser.nextValue()
+
+        while (token != null && token != JsonToken.START_OBJECT) {
+            token = parser.nextValue()
+        }
+
+        return token != null
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * State fields of the reader.
+     */
+    private var id: String? = null
+    private var startTime: Instant? = null
+    private var stopTime: Instant? = null
+    private var cpuCores = -1
+    private var memCapacity = Double.NaN
+
+    /**
+     * Reset the state.
+     */
+    fun reset() {
+        id = null
+        startTime = null
+        stopTime = null
+        cpuCores = -1
+        memCapacity = Double.NaN
+    }
+
+    companion object {
+        /**
+         * The [CsvSchema] that is used to parse the trace.
+         */
+        private val schema = CsvSchema.builder()
+            .addColumn("vm id", CsvSchema.ColumnType.NUMBER)
+            .addColumn("subscription id", CsvSchema.ColumnType.STRING)
+            .addColumn("deployment id", CsvSchema.ColumnType.NUMBER)
+            .addColumn("timestamp vm created", CsvSchema.ColumnType.NUMBER)
+            .addColumn("timestamp vm deleted", CsvSchema.ColumnType.NUMBER)
+            .addColumn("max cpu", CsvSchema.ColumnType.NUMBER)
+            .addColumn("avg cpu", CsvSchema.ColumnType.NUMBER)
+            .addColumn("p95 cpu", CsvSchema.ColumnType.NUMBER)
+            .addColumn("vm category", CsvSchema.ColumnType.NUMBER)
+            .addColumn("vm virtual core count", CsvSchema.ColumnType.NUMBER)
+            .addColumn("vm memory", CsvSchema.ColumnType.NUMBER)
+            .setAllowComments(true)
+            .build()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureTrace.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureTrace.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c7e7dc36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureTrace.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.azure
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.csv.CsvFactory
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import java.nio.file.Path
+
+/**
+ * [Trace] implementation for the Azure v1 VM traces.
+ */
+public class AzureTrace internal constructor(private val factory: CsvFactory, private val path: Path) : Trace {
+    override val tables: List<String> = listOf(TABLE_RESOURCES, TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES)
+
+    override fun containsTable(name: String): Boolean = name in tables
+
+    override fun getTable(name: String): Table? {
+        return when (name) {
+            TABLE_RESOURCES -> AzureResourceTable(factory, path)
+            TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES -> AzureResourceStateTable(factory, path)
+            else -> null
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String = "AzureTrace[$path]"
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureTraceFormat.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureTraceFormat.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1230d857
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureTraceFormat.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.azure
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.csv.CsvFactory
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.csv.CsvParser
+import org.opendc.trace.spi.TraceFormat
+import java.net.URL
+import java.nio.file.Paths
+import kotlin.io.path.exists
+
+/**
+ * A format implementation for the Azure v1 format.
+ */
+public class AzureTraceFormat : TraceFormat {
+    /**
+     * The name of this trace format.
+     */
+    override val name: String = "azure"
+
+    /**
+     * The [CsvFactory] used to create the parser.
+     */
+    private val factory = CsvFactory()
+        .enable(CsvParser.Feature.ALLOW_COMMENTS)
+        .enable(CsvParser.Feature.TRIM_SPACES)
+
+    /**
+     * Open the trace file.
+     */
+    override fun open(url: URL): AzureTrace {
+        val path = Paths.get(url.toURI())
+        require(path.exists()) { "URL $url does not exist" }
+        return AzureTrace(factory, path)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.opendc.trace.spi.TraceFormat b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.opendc.trace.spi.TraceFormat
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08e75529
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.opendc.trace.spi.TraceFormat
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+org.opendc.trace.azure.AzureTraceFormat
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureTraceFormatTest.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureTraceFormatTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e5735f0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/azure/AzureTraceFormatTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.azure
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.assertThrows
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import java.io.File
+import java.net.URL
+
+/**
+ * Test suite for the [AzureTraceFormat] class.
+ */
+class AzureTraceFormatTest {
+    private val format = AzureTraceFormat()
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTraceExists() {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/trace").toURI().toURL()
+        assertDoesNotThrow {
+            format.open(url)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTraceDoesNotExists() {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/trace").toURI().toURL()
+        assertThrows<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            format.open(URL(url.toString() + "help"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTables() {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/trace").toURI().toURL()
+        val trace = format.open(url)
+
+        assertEquals(listOf(TABLE_RESOURCES, TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES), trace.tables)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTableExists() {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/trace").toURI().toURL()
+        val table = format.open(url).getTable(TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES)
+
+        assertNotNull(table)
+        assertDoesNotThrow { table!!.newReader() }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTableDoesNotExist() {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/trace").toURI().toURL()
+        val trace = format.open(url)
+
+        assertFalse(trace.containsTable("test"))
+        assertNull(trace.getTable("test"))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testResources() {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/trace").toURI().toURL()
+        val trace = format.open(url)
+
+        val reader = trace.getTable(TABLE_RESOURCES)!!.newReader()
+
+        assertAll(
+            { assertTrue(reader.nextRow()) },
+            { assertEquals("x/XsOfHO4ocsV99i4NluqKDuxctW2MMVmwqOPAlg4wp8mqbBOe3wxBlQo0+Qx+uf", reader.get(RESOURCE_ID)) },
+            { assertEquals(1, reader.getInt(RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT)) },
+            { assertEquals(1750000.0, reader.getDouble(RESOURCE_MEM_CAPACITY)) },
+        )
+
+        reader.close()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSmoke() {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/trace").toURI().toURL()
+        val trace = format.open(url)
+
+        val reader = trace.getTable(TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES)!!.newReader()
+
+        assertAll(
+            { assertTrue(reader.nextRow()) },
+            { assertEquals("+ZcrOp5/c/fJ6mVgP5qMZlOAGDwyjaaDNM0WoWOt2IDb47gT0UwK9lFwkPQv3C7Q", reader.get(RESOURCE_STATE_ID)) },
+            { assertEquals(0, reader.get(RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP).epochSecond) },
+            { assertEquals(2.86979, reader.getDouble(RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE_PCT), 0.01) }
+        )
+
+        reader.close()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/test/resources/trace/vm_cpu_readings/vm_cpu_readings-file-1-of-125.csv b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/test/resources/trace/vm_cpu_readings/vm_cpu_readings-file-1-of-125.csv
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..db6ddf8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/test/resources/trace/vm_cpu_readings/vm_cpu_readings-file-1-of-125.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
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diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/test/resources/trace/vmtable/vmtable.csv b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/test/resources/trace/vmtable/vmtable.csv
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..299c518c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-azure/src/test/resources/trace/vmtable/vmtable.csv
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
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diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsExResourceStateTable.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsExResourceStateTable.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a60dff3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsExResourceStateTable.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.bitbrains
+
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import java.nio.file.Files
+import java.nio.file.Path
+import java.util.stream.Collectors
+import kotlin.io.path.bufferedReader
+import kotlin.io.path.extension
+import kotlin.io.path.nameWithoutExtension
+
+/**
+ * The resource state [Table] in the extended Bitbrains format.
+ */
+internal class BitbrainsExResourceStateTable(path: Path) : Table {
+    /**
+     * The partitions that belong to the table.
+     */
+    private val partitions = Files.walk(path, 1)
+        .filter { !Files.isDirectory(it) && it.extension == "txt" }
+        .collect(Collectors.toMap({ it.nameWithoutExtension }, { it }))
+        .toSortedMap()
+
+    override val name: String = TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES
+
+    override val isSynthetic: Boolean = false
+
+    override val columns: List<TableColumn<*>> = listOf(
+        RESOURCE_STATE_ID,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_CLUSTER_ID,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_CAPACITY,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE_PCT,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_DEMAND,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_READY_PCT,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_MEM_CAPACITY,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_DISK_READ,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_DISK_WRITE,
+    )
+
+    override fun newReader(): TableReader {
+        val it = partitions.iterator()
+
+        return object : TableReader {
+            var delegate: TableReader? = nextDelegate()
+
+            override fun nextRow(): Boolean {
+                var delegate = delegate
+
+                while (delegate != null) {
+                    if (delegate.nextRow()) {
+                        break
+                    }
+
+                    delegate.close()
+                    delegate = nextDelegate()
+                    this.delegate = delegate
+                }
+
+                return delegate != null
+            }
+
+            override fun hasColumn(column: TableColumn<*>): Boolean = delegate?.hasColumn(column) ?: false
+
+            override fun <T> get(column: TableColumn<T>): T {
+                val delegate = checkNotNull(delegate) { "Invalid reader state" }
+                return delegate.get(column)
+            }
+
+            override fun getBoolean(column: TableColumn<Boolean>): Boolean {
+                val delegate = checkNotNull(delegate) { "Invalid reader state" }
+                return delegate.getBoolean(column)
+            }
+
+            override fun getInt(column: TableColumn<Int>): Int {
+                val delegate = checkNotNull(delegate) { "Invalid reader state" }
+                return delegate.getInt(column)
+            }
+
+            override fun getLong(column: TableColumn<Long>): Long {
+                val delegate = checkNotNull(delegate) { "Invalid reader state" }
+                return delegate.getLong(column)
+            }
+
+            override fun getDouble(column: TableColumn<Double>): Double {
+                val delegate = checkNotNull(delegate) { "Invalid reader state" }
+                return delegate.getDouble(column)
+            }
+
+            override fun close() {
+                delegate?.close()
+            }
+
+            private fun nextDelegate(): TableReader? {
+                return if (it.hasNext()) {
+                    val (_, path) = it.next()
+                    val reader = path.bufferedReader()
+                    return BitbrainsExResourceStateTableReader(reader)
+                } else {
+                    null
+                }
+            }
+
+            override fun toString(): String = "SvCompositeTableReader"
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun newReader(partition: String): TableReader {
+        val path = requireNotNull(partitions[partition]) { "Invalid partition $partition" }
+        val reader = path.bufferedReader()
+        return BitbrainsExResourceStateTableReader(reader)
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String = "BitbrainsExResourceStateTable"
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsExResourceStateTableReader.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsExResourceStateTableReader.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f1cf7307
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsExResourceStateTableReader.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.bitbrains
+
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import java.io.BufferedReader
+import java.time.Instant
+
+/**
+ * A [TableReader] for the Bitbrains resource state table.
+ */
+internal class BitbrainsExResourceStateTableReader(private val reader: BufferedReader) : TableReader {
+    override fun nextRow(): Boolean {
+        reset()
+
+        var line: String
+        var num = 0
+
+        while (true) {
+            line = reader.readLine() ?: return false
+            num++
+
+            if (line[0] == '#' || line.isBlank()) {
+                // Ignore empty lines or comments
+                continue
+            }
+
+            break
+        }
+
+        line = line.trim()
+
+        val length = line.length
+        var col = 0
+        var start: Int
+        var end = 0
+
+        while (end < length) {
+            // Trim all whitespace before the field
+            start = end
+            while (start < length && line[start].isWhitespace()) {
+                start++
+            }
+
+            end = line.indexOf(' ', start)
+
+            if (end < 0) {
+                end = length
+            }
+
+            val field = line.subSequence(start, end) as String
+            when (col++) {
+                COL_TIMESTAMP -> timestamp = Instant.ofEpochSecond(field.toLong(10))
+                COL_CPU_USAGE -> cpuUsage = field.toDouble()
+                COL_CPU_DEMAND -> cpuDemand = field.toDouble()
+                COL_DISK_READ -> diskRead = field.toDouble()
+                COL_DISK_WRITE -> diskWrite = field.toDouble()
+                COL_CLUSTER_ID -> cluster = field.trim()
+                COL_NCPUS -> cpuCores = field.toInt(10)
+                COL_CPU_READY_PCT -> cpuReadyPct = field.toDouble()
+                COL_POWERED_ON -> poweredOn = field.toInt(10) == 1
+                COL_CPU_CAPACITY -> cpuCapacity = field.toDouble()
+                COL_ID -> id = field.trim()
+                COL_MEM_CAPACITY -> memCapacity = field.toDouble() * 1000 // Convert from MB to KB
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true
+    }
+
+    override fun hasColumn(column: TableColumn<*>): Boolean {
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_STATE_ID -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CLUSTER_ID -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_CAPACITY -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE_PCT -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_DEMAND -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_READY_PCT -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_MEM_CAPACITY -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_DISK_READ -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_DISK_WRITE -> true
+            else -> false
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun <T> get(column: TableColumn<T>): T {
+        val res: Any? = when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_STATE_ID -> id
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CLUSTER_ID -> cluster
+            RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP -> timestamp
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT -> getInt(RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT)
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_CAPACITY -> getDouble(RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_CAPACITY)
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE -> getDouble(RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE)
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE_PCT -> getDouble(RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE_PCT)
+            RESOURCE_STATE_MEM_CAPACITY -> getDouble(RESOURCE_STATE_MEM_CAPACITY)
+            RESOURCE_STATE_DISK_READ -> getDouble(RESOURCE_STATE_DISK_READ)
+            RESOURCE_STATE_DISK_WRITE -> getDouble(RESOURCE_STATE_DISK_WRITE)
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+
+        @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+        return res as T
+    }
+
+    override fun getBoolean(column: TableColumn<Boolean>): Boolean {
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_STATE_POWERED_ON -> poweredOn
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun getInt(column: TableColumn<Int>): Int {
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT -> cpuCores
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun getLong(column: TableColumn<Long>): Long {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+    }
+
+    override fun getDouble(column: TableColumn<Double>): Double {
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_CAPACITY -> cpuCapacity
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE -> cpuUsage
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE_PCT -> cpuUsage / cpuCapacity
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_DEMAND -> cpuDemand
+            RESOURCE_STATE_MEM_CAPACITY -> memCapacity
+            RESOURCE_STATE_DISK_READ -> diskRead
+            RESOURCE_STATE_DISK_WRITE -> diskWrite
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun close() {
+        reader.close()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * State fields of the reader.
+     */
+    private var id: String? = null
+    private var cluster: String? = null
+    private var timestamp: Instant? = null
+    private var cpuCores = -1
+    private var cpuCapacity = Double.NaN
+    private var cpuUsage = Double.NaN
+    private var cpuDemand = Double.NaN
+    private var cpuReadyPct = Double.NaN
+    private var memCapacity = Double.NaN
+    private var diskRead = Double.NaN
+    private var diskWrite = Double.NaN
+    private var poweredOn: Boolean = false
+
+    /**
+     * Reset the state of the reader.
+     */
+    private fun reset() {
+        id = null
+        timestamp = null
+        cluster = null
+        cpuCores = -1
+        cpuCapacity = Double.NaN
+        cpuUsage = Double.NaN
+        cpuDemand = Double.NaN
+        cpuReadyPct = Double.NaN
+        memCapacity = Double.NaN
+        diskRead = Double.NaN
+        diskWrite = Double.NaN
+        poweredOn = false
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Default column indices for the extended Bitbrains format.
+     */
+    private val COL_TIMESTAMP = 0
+    private val COL_CPU_USAGE = 1
+    private val COL_CPU_DEMAND = 2
+    private val COL_DISK_READ = 4
+    private val COL_DISK_WRITE = 6
+    private val COL_CLUSTER_ID = 10
+    private val COL_NCPUS = 12
+    private val COL_CPU_READY_PCT = 13
+    private val COL_POWERED_ON = 14
+    private val COL_CPU_CAPACITY = 18
+    private val COL_ID = 19
+    private val COL_MEM_CAPACITY = 20
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsExTrace.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsExTrace.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f16c493d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsExTrace.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.bitbrains
+
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import java.nio.file.Path
+
+/**
+ * [Trace] implementation for the extended Bitbrains format.
+ */
+public class BitbrainsExTrace internal constructor(private val path: Path) : Trace {
+    override val tables: List<String> = listOf(TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES)
+
+    override fun containsTable(name: String): Boolean = TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES == name
+
+    override fun getTable(name: String): Table? {
+        if (!containsTable(name)) {
+            return null
+        }
+
+        return BitbrainsExResourceStateTable(path)
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String = "BitbrainsExTrace[$path]"
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsExTraceFormat.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsExTraceFormat.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..06388a84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsExTraceFormat.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.bitbrains
+
+import org.opendc.trace.spi.TraceFormat
+import java.net.URL
+import java.nio.file.Paths
+import kotlin.io.path.exists
+
+/**
+ * A format implementation for the extended Bitbrains trace format.
+ */
+public class BitbrainsExTraceFormat : TraceFormat {
+    /**
+     * The name of this trace format.
+     */
+    override val name: String = "bitbrains-ex"
+
+    /**
+     * Open the trace file.
+     */
+    override fun open(url: URL): BitbrainsExTrace {
+        val path = Paths.get(url.toURI())
+        require(path.exists()) { "URL $url does not exist" }
+        return BitbrainsExTrace(path)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsResourceStateTable.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsResourceStateTable.kt
index c9e5954d..7241b18b 100644
--- a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsResourceStateTable.kt
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsResourceStateTable.kt
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ internal class BitbrainsResourceStateTable(private val factory: CsvFactory, path
     override val columns: List<TableColumn<*>> = listOf(
         RESOURCE_STATE_ID,
         RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP,
-        RESOURCE_STATE_NCPUS,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT,
         RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_CAPACITY,
         RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE,
         RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE_PCT,
@@ -78,9 +78,9 @@ internal class BitbrainsResourceStateTable(private val factory: CsvFactory, path
 
                     delegate.close()
                     delegate = nextDelegate()
+                    this.delegate = delegate
                 }
 
-                this.delegate = delegate
                 return delegate != null
             }
 
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsResourceStateTableReader.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsResourceStateTableReader.kt
index dab784c2..56e66f5c 100644
--- a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsResourceStateTableReader.kt
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsResourceStateTableReader.kt
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ internal class BitbrainsResourceStateTableReader(private val partition: String,
         return when (column) {
             RESOURCE_STATE_ID -> true
             RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP -> true
-            RESOURCE_STATE_NCPUS -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT -> true
             RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_CAPACITY -> true
             RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE -> true
             RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE_PCT -> true
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ internal class BitbrainsResourceStateTableReader(private val partition: String,
         val res: Any? = when (column) {
             RESOURCE_STATE_ID -> partition
             RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP -> timestamp
-            RESOURCE_STATE_NCPUS -> cpuCores
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT -> cpuCores
             RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_CAPACITY -> cpuCapacity
             RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE -> cpuUsage
             RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE_PCT -> cpuUsagePct
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ internal class BitbrainsResourceStateTableReader(private val partition: String,
 
     override fun getInt(column: TableColumn<Int>): Int {
         return when (column) {
-            RESOURCE_STATE_NCPUS -> cpuCores
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT -> cpuCores
             else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
         }
     }
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.opendc.trace.spi.TraceFormat b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.opendc.trace.spi.TraceFormat
index f18135d0..fd6a2180 100644
--- a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.opendc.trace.spi.TraceFormat
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.opendc.trace.spi.TraceFormat
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 org.opendc.trace.bitbrains.BitbrainsTraceFormat
+org.opendc.trace.bitbrains.BitbrainsExTraceFormat
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsExTraceFormatTest.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsExTraceFormatTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2e4f176a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/bitbrains/BitbrainsExTraceFormatTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.bitbrains
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.assertThrows
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import java.net.URL
+
+/**
+ * Test suite for the [BitbrainsExTraceFormat] class.
+ */
+class BitbrainsExTraceFormatTest {
+    private val format = BitbrainsExTraceFormat()
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTraceExists() {
+        val url = checkNotNull(BitbrainsExTraceFormatTest::class.java.getResource("/vm.txt"))
+        assertDoesNotThrow {
+            format.open(url)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTraceDoesNotExists() {
+        val url = checkNotNull(BitbrainsExTraceFormatTest::class.java.getResource("/vm.txt"))
+        assertThrows<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            format.open(URL(url.toString() + "help"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTables() {
+        val url = checkNotNull(BitbrainsExTraceFormatTest::class.java.getResource("/vm.txt"))
+        val trace = format.open(url)
+
+        assertEquals(listOf(TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES), trace.tables)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTableExists() {
+        val url = checkNotNull(BitbrainsExTraceFormatTest::class.java.getResource("/vm.txt"))
+        val table = format.open(url).getTable(TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES)
+
+        assertNotNull(table)
+        assertDoesNotThrow { table!!.newReader() }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTableDoesNotExist() {
+        val url = checkNotNull(BitbrainsExTraceFormatTest::class.java.getResource("/vm.txt"))
+        val trace = format.open(url)
+
+        assertFalse(trace.containsTable("test"))
+        assertNull(trace.getTable("test"))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSmoke() {
+        val url = checkNotNull(BitbrainsExTraceFormatTest::class.java.getResource("/vm.txt"))
+        val trace = format.open(url)
+
+        val reader = trace.getTable(TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES)!!.newReader()
+
+        assertAll(
+            { assertTrue(reader.nextRow()) },
+            { assertEquals(1631911500, reader.get(RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP).epochSecond) },
+            { assertEquals(21.2, reader.getDouble(RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE), 0.01) }
+        )
+
+        reader.close()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/test/resources/vm.txt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/test/resources/vm.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..28bebb0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-bitbrains/src/test/resources/vm.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+1631911500    21.2    22.10    0.0    0.0    0.67    1.2    0.0    0.0    5    1    abc    1    0.01    1    10    0.0    0.0  2699    vm    4096
+1631911800    30.4    31.80    0.0    0.0    0.56    1.3    0.0    0.0    5    1    abc    1    0.02    1    10    0.0    0.0    2699    vm    4096
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/build.gradle.kts b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/build.gradle.kts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b9c242a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/build.gradle.kts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+description = "Support for OpenDC-specific trace formats"
+
+/* Build configuration */
+plugins {
+    `kotlin-library-conventions`
+    `testing-conventions`
+    `jacoco-conventions`
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    api(platform(projects.opendcPlatform))
+    api(projects.opendcTrace.opendcTraceApi)
+
+    implementation(projects.opendcTrace.opendcTraceParquet)
+
+    testRuntimeOnly(libs.slf4j.simple)
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceStateTable.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceStateTable.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bee4ba7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceStateTable.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.opendc
+
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import org.opendc.trace.util.parquet.LocalParquetReader
+import java.nio.file.Path
+
+/**
+ * The resource state [Table] in the OpenDC virtual machine trace format.
+ */
+internal class OdcVmResourceStateTable(private val path: Path) : Table {
+    override val name: String = TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES
+    override val isSynthetic: Boolean = false
+
+    override val columns: List<TableColumn<*>> = listOf(
+        RESOURCE_STATE_ID,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_DURATION,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT,
+        RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE,
+    )
+
+    override fun newReader(): TableReader {
+        val reader = LocalParquetReader<GenericRecord>(path.resolve("trace.parquet"))
+        return OdcVmResourceStateTableReader(reader)
+    }
+
+    override fun newReader(partition: String): TableReader {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Unknown partition $partition")
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceStateTableReader.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceStateTableReader.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..df3bcfa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceStateTableReader.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.opendc
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import org.opendc.trace.util.parquet.LocalParquetReader
+import java.time.Duration
+import java.time.Instant
+
+/**
+ * A [TableReader] implementation for the OpenDC virtual machine trace format.
+ */
+internal class OdcVmResourceStateTableReader(private val reader: LocalParquetReader<GenericRecord>) : TableReader {
+    /**
+     * The current record.
+     */
+    private var record: GenericRecord? = null
+
+    /**
+     * A flag to indicate that the columns have been initialized.
+     */
+    private var hasInitializedColumns = false
+
+    override fun nextRow(): Boolean {
+        val record = reader.read()
+        this.record = record
+
+        if (!hasInitializedColumns && record != null) {
+            initColumns(record.schema)
+            hasInitializedColumns = true
+        }
+
+        return record != null
+    }
+
+    override fun hasColumn(column: TableColumn<*>): Boolean {
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_STATE_ID -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_DURATION -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT -> true
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE -> true
+            else -> false
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun <T> get(column: TableColumn<T>): T {
+        val record = checkNotNull(record) { "Reader in invalid state" }
+
+        @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+        val res: Any = when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_STATE_ID -> record[COL_ID].toString()
+            RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP -> Instant.ofEpochMilli(record[COL_TIMESTAMP] as Long)
+            RESOURCE_STATE_DURATION -> Duration.ofMillis(record[COL_DURATION] as Long)
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT -> getInt(RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT)
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE -> getDouble(RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE)
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+
+        @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+        return res as T
+    }
+
+    override fun getBoolean(column: TableColumn<Boolean>): Boolean {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+    }
+
+    override fun getInt(column: TableColumn<Int>): Int {
+        val record = checkNotNull(record) { "Reader in invalid state" }
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT -> record[COL_CPU_COUNT] as Int
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun getLong(column: TableColumn<Long>): Long {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+    }
+
+    override fun getDouble(column: TableColumn<Double>): Double {
+        val record = checkNotNull(record) { "Reader in invalid state" }
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE -> (record[COL_CPU_USAGE] as Number).toDouble()
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun close() {
+        reader.close()
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String = "OdcVmResourceStateTableReader"
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the columns for the reader based on [schema].
+     */
+    private fun initColumns(schema: Schema) {
+        try {
+            COL_ID = schema.getField("id").pos()
+            COL_TIMESTAMP = (schema.getField("timestamp") ?: schema.getField("time")).pos()
+            COL_DURATION = schema.getField("duration").pos()
+            COL_CPU_COUNT = (schema.getField("cpu_count") ?: schema.getField("cores")).pos()
+            COL_CPU_USAGE = (schema.getField("cpu_usage") ?: schema.getField("cpuUsage")).pos()
+        } catch (e: NullPointerException) {
+            // This happens when the field we are trying to access does not exist
+            throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid schema", e)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var COL_ID = -1
+    private var COL_TIMESTAMP = -1
+    private var COL_DURATION = -1
+    private var COL_CPU_COUNT = -1
+    private var COL_CPU_USAGE = -1
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceTable.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceTable.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b1456560
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceTable.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.opendc
+
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import org.opendc.trace.util.parquet.LocalParquetReader
+import java.nio.file.Path
+
+/**
+ * The resource [Table] for the OpenDC virtual machine trace format.
+ */
+internal class OdcVmResourceTable(private val path: Path) : Table {
+    override val name: String = TABLE_RESOURCES
+    override val isSynthetic: Boolean = false
+
+    override val columns: List<TableColumn<*>> = listOf(
+        RESOURCE_ID,
+        RESOURCE_START_TIME,
+        RESOURCE_STOP_TIME,
+        RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT,
+        RESOURCE_MEM_CAPACITY,
+    )
+
+    override fun newReader(): TableReader {
+        val reader = LocalParquetReader<GenericRecord>(path.resolve("meta.parquet"))
+        return OdcVmResourceTableReader(reader)
+    }
+
+    override fun newReader(partition: String): TableReader {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Unknown partition $partition")
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceTableReader.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceTableReader.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c52da62d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmResourceTableReader.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.opendc
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import org.opendc.trace.util.parquet.LocalParquetReader
+import java.time.Instant
+
+/**
+ * A [TableReader] implementation for the resources table in the OpenDC virtual machine trace format.
+ */
+internal class OdcVmResourceTableReader(private val reader: LocalParquetReader<GenericRecord>) : TableReader {
+    /**
+     * The current record.
+     */
+    private var record: GenericRecord? = null
+
+    /**
+     * A flag to indicate that the columns have been initialized.
+     */
+    private var hasInitializedColumns = false
+
+    override fun nextRow(): Boolean {
+        val record = reader.read()
+        this.record = record
+
+        if (!hasInitializedColumns && record != null) {
+            initColumns(record.schema)
+            hasInitializedColumns = true
+        }
+
+        return record != null
+    }
+
+    override fun hasColumn(column: TableColumn<*>): Boolean {
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_ID -> true
+            RESOURCE_START_TIME -> true
+            RESOURCE_STOP_TIME -> true
+            RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT -> true
+            RESOURCE_MEM_CAPACITY -> true
+            else -> false
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun <T> get(column: TableColumn<T>): T {
+        val record = checkNotNull(record) { "Reader in invalid state" }
+
+        @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+        val res: Any = when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_ID -> record[COL_ID].toString()
+            RESOURCE_START_TIME -> Instant.ofEpochMilli(record[COL_START_TIME] as Long)
+            RESOURCE_STOP_TIME -> Instant.ofEpochMilli(record[COL_STOP_TIME] as Long)
+            RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT -> getInt(RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT)
+            RESOURCE_MEM_CAPACITY -> getDouble(RESOURCE_MEM_CAPACITY)
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+
+        @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+        return res as T
+    }
+
+    override fun getBoolean(column: TableColumn<Boolean>): Boolean {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+    }
+
+    override fun getInt(column: TableColumn<Int>): Int {
+        val record = checkNotNull(record) { "Reader in invalid state" }
+
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_CPU_COUNT -> record[COL_CPU_COUNT] as Int
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun getLong(column: TableColumn<Long>): Long {
+        throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+    }
+
+    override fun getDouble(column: TableColumn<Double>): Double {
+        val record = checkNotNull(record) { "Reader in invalid state" }
+
+        return when (column) {
+            RESOURCE_MEM_CAPACITY -> (record[COL_MEM_CAPACITY] as Number).toDouble()
+            else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid column")
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun close() {
+        reader.close()
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String = "OdcVmResourceTableReader"
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the columns for the reader based on [schema].
+     */
+    private fun initColumns(schema: Schema) {
+        try {
+            COL_ID = schema.getField("id").pos()
+            COL_START_TIME = (schema.getField("start_time") ?: schema.getField("submissionTime")).pos()
+            COL_STOP_TIME = (schema.getField("stop_time") ?: schema.getField("endTime")).pos()
+            COL_CPU_COUNT = (schema.getField("cpu_count") ?: schema.getField("maxCores")).pos()
+            COL_MEM_CAPACITY = (schema.getField("mem_capacity") ?: schema.getField("requiredMemory")).pos()
+        } catch (e: NullPointerException) {
+            // This happens when the field we are trying to access does not exist
+            throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid schema")
+        }
+    }
+
+    private var COL_ID = -1
+    private var COL_START_TIME = -1
+    private var COL_STOP_TIME = -1
+    private var COL_CPU_COUNT = -1
+    private var COL_MEM_CAPACITY = -1
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTrace.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTrace.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3e5029b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTrace.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.opendc
+
+import org.opendc.trace.TABLE_RESOURCES
+import org.opendc.trace.TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES
+import org.opendc.trace.Table
+import org.opendc.trace.Trace
+import java.nio.file.Path
+
+/**
+ * A [Trace] in the OpenDC virtual machine trace format.
+ */
+public class OdcVmTrace internal constructor(private val path: Path) : Trace {
+    override val tables: List<String> = listOf(TABLE_RESOURCES, TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES)
+
+    override fun containsTable(name: String): Boolean =
+        name == TABLE_RESOURCES || name == TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES
+
+    override fun getTable(name: String): Table? {
+        return when (name) {
+            TABLE_RESOURCES -> OdcVmResourceTable(path)
+            TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES -> OdcVmResourceStateTable(path)
+            else -> null
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String = "OdcVmTrace[$path]"
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTraceFormat.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTraceFormat.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8edba725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTraceFormat.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.opendc
+
+import org.apache.avro.Schema
+import org.apache.avro.SchemaBuilder
+import org.opendc.trace.spi.TraceFormat
+import org.opendc.trace.util.parquet.TIMESTAMP_SCHEMA
+import java.net.URL
+import java.nio.file.Paths
+import kotlin.io.path.exists
+
+/**
+ * A [TraceFormat] implementation of the OpenDC virtual machine trace format.
+ */
+public class OdcVmTraceFormat : TraceFormat {
+    /**
+     * The name of this trace format.
+     */
+    override val name: String = "opendc-vm"
+
+    /**
+     * Open a Bitbrains Parquet trace.
+     */
+    override fun open(url: URL): OdcVmTrace {
+        val path = Paths.get(url.toURI())
+        require(path.exists()) { "URL $url does not exist" }
+        return OdcVmTrace(path)
+    }
+
+    public companion object {
+        /**
+         * Schema for the resources table in the trace.
+         */
+        @JvmStatic
+        public val RESOURCES_SCHEMA: Schema = SchemaBuilder
+            .record("resource")
+            .namespace("org.opendc.trace.opendc")
+            .fields()
+            .requiredString("id")
+            .name("start_time").type(TIMESTAMP_SCHEMA).noDefault()
+            .name("stop_time").type(TIMESTAMP_SCHEMA).noDefault()
+            .requiredInt("cpu_count")
+            .requiredLong("mem_capacity")
+            .endRecord()
+
+        /**
+         * Schema for the resource states table in the trace.
+         */
+        @JvmStatic
+        public val RESOURCE_STATES_SCHEMA: Schema = SchemaBuilder
+            .record("resource_state")
+            .namespace("org.opendc.trace.opendc")
+            .fields()
+            .requiredString("id")
+            .name("timestamp").type(TIMESTAMP_SCHEMA).noDefault()
+            .requiredLong("duration")
+            .requiredInt("cpu_count")
+            .requiredDouble("cpu_usage")
+            .endRecord()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.opendc.trace.spi.TraceFormat b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.opendc.trace.spi.TraceFormat
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..94094af4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/main/resources/META-INF/services/org.opendc.trace.spi.TraceFormat
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+org.opendc.trace.opendc.OdcVmTraceFormat
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTraceFormatTest.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTraceFormatTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..42eb369e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/opendc/OdcVmTraceFormatTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.opendc
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.assertDoesNotThrow
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.assertThrows
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest
+import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import java.io.File
+import java.net.URL
+
+/**
+ * Test suite for the [OdcVmTraceFormat] implementation.
+ */
+internal class OdcVmTraceFormatTest {
+    private val format = OdcVmTraceFormat()
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTraceExists() {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/trace-v2.1").toURI().toURL()
+        assertDoesNotThrow { format.open(url) }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTraceDoesNotExists() {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/trace-v2.1").toURI().toURL()
+        assertThrows<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            format.open(URL(url.toString() + "help"))
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTables() {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/trace-v2.1").toURI().toURL()
+        val trace = format.open(url)
+
+        assertEquals(listOf(TABLE_RESOURCES, TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES), trace.tables)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTableExists() {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/trace-v2.1").toURI().toURL()
+        val table = format.open(url).getTable(TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES)
+
+        assertNotNull(table)
+        assertDoesNotThrow { table!!.newReader() }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testTableDoesNotExist() {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/trace-v2.1").toURI().toURL()
+        val trace = format.open(url)
+
+        assertFalse(trace.containsTable("test"))
+        assertNull(trace.getTable("test"))
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(strings = ["trace-v2.0", "trace-v2.1"])
+    fun testResources(name: String) {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/$name").toURI().toURL()
+        val trace = format.open(url)
+
+        val reader = trace.getTable(TABLE_RESOURCES)!!.newReader()
+
+        assertAll(
+            { assertTrue(reader.nextRow()) },
+            { assertEquals("1019", reader.get(RESOURCE_ID)) },
+            { assertTrue(reader.nextRow()) },
+            { assertEquals("1023", reader.get(RESOURCE_ID)) },
+            { assertTrue(reader.nextRow()) },
+            { assertEquals("1052", reader.get(RESOURCE_ID)) },
+            { assertTrue(reader.nextRow()) },
+            { assertEquals("1073", reader.get(RESOURCE_ID)) },
+            { assertFalse(reader.nextRow()) }
+        )
+
+        reader.close()
+    }
+
+    @ParameterizedTest
+    @ValueSource(strings = ["trace-v2.0", "trace-v2.1"])
+    fun testSmoke(name: String) {
+        val url = File("src/test/resources/$name").toURI().toURL()
+        val trace = format.open(url)
+
+        val reader = trace.getTable(TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES)!!.newReader()
+
+        assertAll(
+            { assertTrue(reader.nextRow()) },
+            { assertEquals("1019", reader.get(RESOURCE_STATE_ID)) },
+            { assertEquals(1376314846, reader.get(RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP).epochSecond) },
+            { assertEquals(0.0, reader.getDouble(RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE), 0.01) }
+        )
+
+        reader.close()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.0/meta.parquet b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.0/meta.parquet
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6ff09d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.0/meta.parquet
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.0/trace.parquet b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.0/trace.parquet
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5b6fa6b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.0/trace.parquet
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.1/meta.parquet b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.1/meta.parquet
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d8184945
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.1/meta.parquet
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.1/trace.parquet b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.1/trace.parquet
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..00ab5835
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-opendc/src/test/resources/trace-v2.1/trace.parquet
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-parquet/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/util/parquet/AvroUtils.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-parquet/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/util/parquet/AvroUtils.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..086b900b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-parquet/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/util/parquet/AvroUtils.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+@file:JvmName("AvroUtils")
+package org.opendc.trace.util.parquet
+
+import org.apache.avro.LogicalTypes
+import org.apache.avro.Schema
+
+/**
+ * Schema for UUID type.
+ */
+public val UUID_SCHEMA: Schema = LogicalTypes.uuid().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.STRING))
+
+/**
+ * Schema for timestamp type.
+ */
+public val TIMESTAMP_SCHEMA: Schema = LogicalTypes.timestampMillis().addToSchema(Schema.create(Schema.Type.LONG))
+
+/**
+ * Helper function to make a [Schema] field optional.
+ */
+public fun Schema.optional(): Schema {
+    return Schema.createUnion(Schema.create(Schema.Type.NULL), this)
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-tools/build.gradle.kts b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-tools/build.gradle.kts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35190dba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-tools/build.gradle.kts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+description = "Tools for working with workload traces"
+
+/* Build configuration */
+plugins {
+    `kotlin-conventions`
+    application
+}
+
+application {
+    mainClass.set("org.opendc.trace.tools.TraceConverterKt")
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    api(platform(projects.opendcPlatform))
+
+    implementation(projects.opendcTrace.opendcTraceParquet)
+    implementation(projects.opendcTrace.opendcTraceOpendc)
+    implementation(projects.opendcTrace.opendcTraceAzure)
+    implementation(projects.opendcTrace.opendcTraceBitbrains)
+
+    implementation(libs.kotlin.logging)
+    implementation(libs.clikt)
+
+    runtimeOnly(libs.log4j.slf4j)
+}
diff --git a/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-tools/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/tools/TraceConverter.kt b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-tools/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/tools/TraceConverter.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..322464cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-trace/opendc-trace-tools/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/trace/tools/TraceConverter.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.trace.tools
+
+import com.github.ajalt.clikt.core.CliktCommand
+import com.github.ajalt.clikt.parameters.arguments.argument
+import com.github.ajalt.clikt.parameters.groups.OptionGroup
+import com.github.ajalt.clikt.parameters.groups.cooccurring
+import com.github.ajalt.clikt.parameters.options.*
+import com.github.ajalt.clikt.parameters.types.*
+import mu.KotlinLogging
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericData
+import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecordBuilder
+import org.apache.parquet.avro.AvroParquetWriter
+import org.apache.parquet.hadoop.ParquetWriter
+import org.apache.parquet.hadoop.metadata.CompressionCodecName
+import org.opendc.trace.*
+import org.opendc.trace.azure.AzureTraceFormat
+import org.opendc.trace.bitbrains.BitbrainsExTraceFormat
+import org.opendc.trace.bitbrains.BitbrainsTraceFormat
+import org.opendc.trace.opendc.OdcVmTraceFormat
+import org.opendc.trace.util.parquet.LocalOutputFile
+import java.io.File
+import java.util.*
+import kotlin.math.abs
+import kotlin.math.max
+import kotlin.math.min
+import kotlin.math.roundToLong
+
+/**
+ * A script to convert a trace in text format into a Parquet trace.
+ */
+public fun main(args: Array<String>): Unit = TraceConverterCli().main(args)
+
+/**
+ * Represents the command for converting traces
+ */
+internal class TraceConverterCli : CliktCommand(name = "trace-converter") {
+    /**
+     * The logger instance for the converter.
+     */
+    private val logger = KotlinLogging.logger {}
+
+    /**
+     * The directory where the trace should be stored.
+     */
+    private val output by option("-O", "--output", help = "path to store the trace")
+        .file(canBeFile = false, mustExist = false)
+        .defaultLazy { File("output") }
+
+    /**
+     * The directory where the input trace is located.
+     */
+    private val input by argument("input", help = "path to the input trace")
+        .file(canBeFile = false)
+
+    /**
+     * The input format of the trace.
+     */
+    private val format by option("-f", "--format", help = "input format of trace")
+        .choice(
+            "solvinity" to BitbrainsExTraceFormat(),
+            "bitbrains" to BitbrainsTraceFormat(),
+            "azure" to AzureTraceFormat()
+        )
+        .required()
+
+    /**
+     * The sampling options.
+     */
+    private val samplingOptions by SamplingOptions().cooccurring()
+
+    override fun run() {
+        val metaParquet = File(output, "meta.parquet")
+        val traceParquet = File(output, "trace.parquet")
+
+        if (metaParquet.exists()) {
+            metaParquet.delete()
+        }
+        if (traceParquet.exists()) {
+            traceParquet.delete()
+        }
+
+        val trace = format.open(input.toURI().toURL())
+
+        logger.info { "Building resources table" }
+
+        val metaWriter = AvroParquetWriter.builder<GenericData.Record>(LocalOutputFile(metaParquet))
+            .withSchema(OdcVmTraceFormat.RESOURCES_SCHEMA)
+            .withCompressionCodec(CompressionCodecName.ZSTD)
+            .enablePageWriteChecksum()
+            .build()
+
+        val selectedVms = metaWriter.use { convertResources(trace, it) }
+
+        if (selectedVms.isEmpty()) {
+            logger.warn { "No VMs selected" }
+            return
+        }
+
+        logger.info { "Wrote ${selectedVms.size} rows" }
+        logger.info { "Building resource states table" }
+
+        val writer = AvroParquetWriter.builder<GenericData.Record>(LocalOutputFile(traceParquet))
+            .withSchema(OdcVmTraceFormat.RESOURCE_STATES_SCHEMA)
+            .withCompressionCodec(CompressionCodecName.ZSTD)
+            .withDictionaryEncoding("id", true)
+            .withBloomFilterEnabled("id", true)
+            .withBloomFilterNDV("id", selectedVms.size.toLong())
+            .enableValidation()
+            .build()
+
+        val statesCount = writer.use { convertResourceStates(trace, it, selectedVms) }
+        logger.info { "Wrote $statesCount rows" }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert the resources table for the trace.
+     */
+    private fun convertResources(trace: Trace, writer: ParquetWriter<GenericData.Record>): Set<String> {
+        val random = samplingOptions?.let { Random(it.seed) }
+        val samplingFraction = samplingOptions?.fraction ?: 1.0
+        val reader = checkNotNull(trace.getTable(TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES)).newReader()
+
+        var hasNextRow = reader.nextRow()
+        val selectedVms = mutableSetOf<String>()
+
+        while (hasNextRow) {
+            var id: String
+            var numCpus = Int.MIN_VALUE
+            var memCapacity = Double.MIN_VALUE
+            var memUsage = Double.MIN_VALUE
+            var startTime = Long.MAX_VALUE
+            var stopTime = Long.MIN_VALUE
+
+            do {
+                id = reader.get(RESOURCE_STATE_ID)
+
+                val timestamp = reader.get(RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP).toEpochMilli()
+                startTime = min(startTime, timestamp)
+                stopTime = max(stopTime, timestamp)
+
+                numCpus = max(numCpus, reader.getInt(RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT))
+
+                memCapacity = max(memCapacity, reader.getDouble(RESOURCE_STATE_MEM_CAPACITY))
+                if (reader.hasColumn(RESOURCE_STATE_MEM_USAGE)) {
+                    memUsage = max(memUsage, reader.getDouble(RESOURCE_STATE_MEM_USAGE))
+                }
+
+                hasNextRow = reader.nextRow()
+            } while (hasNextRow && id == reader.get(RESOURCE_STATE_ID))
+
+            // Sample only a fraction of the VMs
+            if (random != null && random.nextDouble() > samplingFraction) {
+                continue
+            }
+
+            val builder = GenericRecordBuilder(OdcVmTraceFormat.RESOURCES_SCHEMA)
+
+            builder["id"] = id
+            builder["start_time"] = startTime
+            builder["stop_time"] = stopTime
+            builder["cpu_count"] = numCpus
+            builder["mem_capacity"] = max(memCapacity, memUsage).roundToLong()
+
+            logger.info { "Selecting VM $id" }
+
+            writer.write(builder.build())
+            selectedVms.add(id)
+        }
+
+        return selectedVms
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert the resource states table for the trace.
+     */
+    private fun convertResourceStates(trace: Trace, writer: ParquetWriter<GenericData.Record>, selectedVms: Set<String>): Int {
+        val reader = checkNotNull(trace.getTable(TABLE_RESOURCE_STATES)).newReader()
+
+        var hasNextRow = reader.nextRow()
+        var count = 0
+        var lastId: String? = null
+        var lastTimestamp = 0L
+
+        while (hasNextRow) {
+            val id = reader.get(RESOURCE_STATE_ID)
+
+            if (id !in selectedVms) {
+                hasNextRow = reader.nextRow()
+                continue
+            }
+
+            val cpuCount = reader.getInt(RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT)
+            val cpuUsage = reader.getDouble(RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE)
+
+            val startTimestamp = reader.get(RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP).toEpochMilli()
+            var timestamp = startTimestamp
+            var duration: Long
+
+            // Check whether the previous entry is from a different VM
+            if (id != lastId) {
+                lastTimestamp = timestamp - 5 * 60 * 1000L
+            }
+
+            do {
+                timestamp = reader.get(RESOURCE_STATE_TIMESTAMP).toEpochMilli()
+
+                duration = timestamp - lastTimestamp
+                hasNextRow = reader.nextRow()
+
+                if (!hasNextRow) {
+                    break
+                }
+
+                val shouldContinue = id == reader.get(RESOURCE_STATE_ID) &&
+                    abs(cpuUsage - reader.getDouble(RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_USAGE)) < 0.01 &&
+                    cpuCount == reader.getInt(RESOURCE_STATE_CPU_COUNT)
+            } while (shouldContinue)
+
+            val builder = GenericRecordBuilder(OdcVmTraceFormat.RESOURCE_STATES_SCHEMA)
+
+            builder["id"] = id
+            builder["timestamp"] = startTimestamp
+            builder["duration"] = duration
+            builder["cpu_count"] = cpuCount
+            builder["cpu_usage"] = cpuUsage
+
+            writer.write(builder.build())
+
+            count++
+
+            lastId = id
+            lastTimestamp = timestamp
+        }
+
+        return count
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Options for sampling the workload trace.
+     */
+    private class SamplingOptions : OptionGroup() {
+        /**
+         * The fraction of VMs to sample
+         */
+        val fraction by option("--sampling-fraction", help = "fraction of the workload to sample")
+            .double()
+            .restrictTo(0.0001, 1.0)
+            .required()
+
+        /**
+         * The seed for sampling the trace.
+         */
+        val seed by option("--sampling-seed", help = "seed for sampling the workload")
+            .long()
+            .default(0)
+    }
+}
author	Fabian Mastenbroek <mail.fabianm@gmail.com>	2021-09-19 14:33:05 +0200
committer	GitHub <noreply@github.com>	2021-09-19 14:33:05 +0200
commit	453c25c4b453fa0af26bebbd8863abfb79218119 (patch)
tree	7977e81ec34ce7f57d8b14a717ccb63f54cd03cb /opendc-trace
parent	c1b9719aad10566c9d17f9eb757236c58a602b89 (diff)
parent	76a0f8889a4990108bc7906556dec6381647404b (diff)