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authormjkwiatkowski <mati.rewa@gmail.com>2026-07-10 21:41:05 +0200
committermjkwiatkowski <mati.rewa@gmail.com>2026-07-10 21:41:05 +0200
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\chapter{Introduction}\label{s:intro}
-Presently, computer and network systems play a crucial part in the digital industry.
+% Comment from Alexandru, change presently -> currently
+Currently, computer and network systems play a crucial part in the digital industry.
The transport, education and government sectors largely depend on digital services, which are hosted in datacenters~\cite{DBLP:journals/corr/IosupKLVG22}.
To address the recent rise in demand for computation, due to the advancements in Artificial Intelligence, managers expand datacenters with new components and more heterogeneous architectures (\eg GPUs, NPUs)~\cite{DBLP:conf/date/MilojicicFDR21}.
However, in return datacenter complexity increases significantly.
@@ -11,13 +12,13 @@ Over 3 million jobs in the Netherlands directly depend on cloud services, which
Since many public services continue to move online (\eg online administration and taxation, education), the fraction of Dutch professionals who depend on the cloud for work will exceed 35\% by 2025~\cite{DBLP:journals/corr/IosupKLVG22}.
% What is changing?
-In the modern \gls{ai} economy datacenters need diverse and scalable server architectures, because inference-based workloads require more heterogeneous server components (GPUs, TPUs, NPUs \etc) to perform well.
-Nowadays, datacenter operators try to meet customer expectations by adding more specialized hardware~\cite{DBLP:conf/date/MilojicicFDR21}, at a cost of increased system complexity.
+In the modern \gls{ai} economy, datacenters need diverse and scalable server architectures, because inference-based workloads require more heterogeneous server components (GPUs, TPUs, NPUs \etc) to perform well.
+Nowadays, datacenter operators try to meet AI-customer expectations by adding more specialized hardware~\cite{DBLP:conf/date/MilojicicFDR21}, at the cost of increased system complexity.
In return, operating a modern datacenter warehouse with thousands of diversified servers presents a difficult challenge that requires fast and well-informed decisions from on-site engineers.
The computational requirements of \gls{ai} are expected to increase in the future~\cite{DBLP:journals/computer/AthavaleBBMMPS24}.
-Datacenter complexity will continue to grow, and it will become more difficult to manage.
-Future servers will include even more specialized hardware, which, while improving datacenter performance, will exhibit behaviour that is harder to predict.
+Datacenter complexity will continue to grow, and it will become more difficult to manage~\cite{DBLP:conf/icdcs/IosupUVAEHTBT18}.
+Future servers and software related services to them will include even more specialized hardware, which, while improving datacenter performance, will exhibit behaviour that is harder to predict.
Already the rapid expansion of datacenters has increased the presence of service failures across all cloud services~\cite{DBLP:conf/acsos/TalluriOVTI21}.
Preventing failure-caused outages in advance could help datacenter operators reduce operational costs, as over 20\% of all reported outages amount to more than 1 million US\$~\cite{DBLP:report/AnnualOutageAnalysis2025}.
%Moreover, datacenter outages can have catastrophic consequences, cite Fabian.
@@ -29,7 +30,9 @@ To address this new problem a concept of a datacenter \gls{dt} was proposed~\cit
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{images/simple_dt.pdf}
- \caption{Elements of the digital twin ecosystem~\cite{DBLP:modsim24/presentation/Iosup2024} include: the insights and decisions coming from the digital twin (\myCircled{A}), the physical infrastructure (\myCircled{B}), the data coming from the physical twin telemetry (\myCircled{C}), and the digital counterpart to the physical twin (\myCircled{D}).}
+ \caption{Elements of the digital twin ecosystem~\cite{DBLP:modsim24/presentation/Iosup2024} include: the insights and decisions coming from the digital twin (\myCircled{A}), the physical infrastructure (\myCircled{B}), the data coming from the physical twin telemetry (\myCircled{C}), and the digital counterpart to the physical twin (\myCircled{D}).
+ This thesis focuses on components (\myCircled{A}), (\myCircled{C}), and (\myCircled{D}) in this ecosystem, proposing design improvements to (\myCircled{D}, \myCircled{C}), experimental improvements to (\myCircled{A}) and a new experimental technique to substitute (\myCircled{B}).
+ }
\label{fig:simple_dt}
\end{figure}
@@ -157,19 +160,21 @@ We define the correct experiment setup(s) and perform the experiments on a speci
\end{enumerate}
\end{enumerate}
-\section{Plagiarism Declaration}\label{s:plagiarism-declaraion}
+\section{Academic Integrity Declaration}\label{s:academic_integrity_declaration}
+\subsection{Non-Plagiarism Declaration}\label{ss:plagiarism-declaraion}
I hereby declare that this thesis is my own independent work and writing.
The thesis does not contain any material copied from other sources (person, Internet, or \gls{ai}), and has not been submitted for assessment elsewhere.
I acknowledge that the usage of material from other works or paraphrase of such material without proper citations or credit will be treated as plagiarism.
I declare that this thesis is free from \gls{ai} generated content and has been written without the help of any \gls{ai} tools.
In order to adhere to the strictest restrictions on AI-usage in higher education, this work follows the Berkley School of Law Artificial Intelligence Policy, as stated in \url{https://www.law.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/AI-Final-Policy-26.pdf}.
-\section{Reference Fraud}\label{ss:plagiarism_references}
+\subsection{Preventing Reference Fraud}\label{ss:plagiarism_references}
I hereby declare that all the references in this thesis refer to genuine scientific work published in peer-reviewed journals or other sources of reliable and safe online information (\eg Wikipedia articles) and have been used in accordance to the article authors' wishes.
Additionally, under the guidance of the supervisor this work adheres to the strictest rules for referencing and to prove the originality of all references, each \BibTeX citation contains a \texttt{note} field with the following comment: \emph{This BibTeX citation comes from:} followed by the URL leading directly to the citation source.
In case of citations not formatted in \BibTeX, the same format follows but with adequate reference-style name (\eg APA, Chicago, MLA).
-\section{Societal Impact}\label{s:societal-impact}
+\section{Societal Impact Including Open Science Artifacts
+ }\label{s:societal-impact}
Any program that is difficult to understand and reason about is sure to accumulate technical debt.
However, sometimes large-scale systems can be complex and hard to comprehend inherently.
% Cite Frederick P Brooks here.
@@ -188,10 +193,10 @@ Additionally, we contribute to responsible software design by adhering to best s
(3) is addressed indirectly, as the consequences of the insights provided by a holistic, \gls{oda} powered \gls{dcdt} can help datacenter managers make decisions that are more sustainable in the future.
We contribute to (4) by helping predict unexpected failures and lowering operational costs, ensuring datacenters can continue to be usable in the future.
We believe this work has a strong societal impact due to addressing the four grand societal challenges described by Iosup \etal and we hope through this work we can advance the scientific research community towards a more sustainable future.
-
-\section{Open Science}\label{s:open-science}
Abiding the FAIR data principles, the entire source code of the prototype and related work has been made available at the \url{https://git.denounce.ai/opendc.git} repository.
The reuse and reproduction of experiments is explained in a detailed guide at the root of the repository, along with the necessary dependencies and experimental setup.
+% Comment from Alexandru is to merge the above repository into the AtLarge repository, with the proper attribution to you.
+% I will do this once the project is over.
\section{Thesis Structure}\label{s:thesis-structure}
The remainder of the thesis is structured as depicted in Figure \ref{fig:thesis_structure}.