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diff --git a/opendc-common/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/common/units/DataRate.kt b/opendc-common/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/common/units/DataRate.kt
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+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+@file:OptIn(InternalUse::class)
+
+package org.opendc.common.units
+
+import kotlinx.serialization.Serializable
+import org.opendc.common.annotations.InternalUse
+import org.opendc.common.units.Time.Companion.toTime
+import org.opendc.common.utils.ifNeg0thenPos0
+import java.time.Duration
+
+/**
+ * Represents data-rate values.
+ * @see[Unit]
+ */
+@JvmInline
+@Serializable(with = DataRate.Companion.DataRateSerializer::class)
+public value class DataRate private constructor(
+ // In bits/s.
+ override val value: Double,
+) : Unit<DataRate> {
+ @InternalUse
+ override fun new(value: Double): DataRate = DataRate(value.ifNeg0thenPos0())
+
+ public fun tobps(): Double = value
+
+ public fun toKibps(): Double = value / 1024
+
+ public fun toKbps(): Double = value / 1e3
+
+ public fun toKiBps(): Double = toKibps() / 8
+
+ public fun toKBps(): Double = toKbps() / 8
+
+ public fun toMibps(): Double = toKibps() / 1024
+
+ public fun toMbps(): Double = toKbps() / 1e3
+
+ public fun toMiBps(): Double = toMibps() / 8
+
+ public fun toMBps(): Double = toMbps() / 8
+
+ public fun toGibps(): Double = toMibps() / 1024
+
+ public fun toGbps(): Double = toMbps() / 1e3
+
+ public fun toGiBps(): Double = toGibps() / 8
+
+ public fun toGBps(): Double = toGbps() / 8
+
+ override fun toString(): String = fmtValue()
+
+ public override fun fmtValue(fmt: String): String =
+ when (abs()) {
+ in ZERO..ofBps(100) -> "${String.format(fmt, tobps())} bps"
+ in ofbps(100)..ofKbps(100) -> "${String.format(fmt, toKbps())} Kbps"
+ in ofKbps(100)..ofMbps(100) -> "${String.format(fmt, toMbps())} Mbps"
+ else -> "${String.format(fmt, toGbps())} Gbps"
+ }
+
+ public operator fun times(time: Time): DataSize = DataSize.ofKiB(toKiBps() * time.toSec())
+
+ public operator fun times(duration: Duration): DataSize = this * duration.toTime()
+
+ public companion object {
+ @JvmStatic public val ZERO: DataRate = DataRate(.0)
+
+ @JvmStatic
+ @JvmName("ofbps")
+ public fun ofbps(bps: Number): DataRate = DataRate(bps.toDouble())
+
+ @JvmStatic
+ @JvmName("ofBps")
+ public fun ofBps(Bps: Number): DataRate = ofbps(Bps.toDouble() * 8)
+
+ @JvmStatic
+ @JvmName("ofKibps")
+ public fun ofKibps(kibps: Number): DataRate = ofbps(kibps.toDouble() * 1024)
+
+ @JvmStatic
+ @JvmName("ofKbps")
+ public fun ofKbps(kbps: Number): DataRate = ofbps(kbps.toDouble() * 1e3)
+
+ @JvmStatic
+ @JvmName("ofKiBps")
+ public fun ofKiBps(kiBps: Number): DataRate = ofKibps(kiBps.toDouble() * 8)
+
+ @JvmStatic
+ @JvmName("ofKBps")
+ public fun ofKBps(kBps: Number): DataRate = ofKbps(kBps.toDouble() * 8)
+
+ @JvmStatic
+ @JvmName("ofMibps")
+ public fun ofMibps(mibps: Number): DataRate = ofKibps(mibps.toDouble() * 1024)
+
+ @JvmStatic
+ @JvmName("ofMbps")
+ public fun ofMbps(mbps: Number): DataRate = ofKbps(mbps.toDouble() * 1e3)
+
+ @JvmStatic
+ @JvmName("ofMiBps")
+ public fun ofMiBps(miBps: Number): DataRate = ofMibps(miBps.toDouble() * 8)
+
+ @JvmStatic
+ @JvmName("ofMBps")
+ public fun ofMBps(mBps: Number): DataRate = ofMbps(mBps.toDouble() * 8)
+
+ @JvmStatic
+ @JvmName("ofGibps")
+ public fun ofGibps(gibps: Number): DataRate = ofMibps(gibps.toDouble() * 1024)
+
+ @JvmStatic
+ @JvmName("ofGbps")
+ public fun ofGbps(gbps: Number): DataRate = ofMbps(gbps.toDouble() * 1e3)
+
+ @JvmStatic
+ @JvmName("ofGiBps")
+ public fun ofGiBps(giBps: Number): DataRate = ofGibps(giBps.toDouble() * 8)
+
+ @JvmStatic
+ @JvmName("ofGBps")
+ public fun ofGBps(gBps: Number): DataRate = ofGbps(gBps.toDouble() * 8)
+
+ /**
+ * Serializer for [DataRate] value class. It needs to be a compile
+ * time constant in order to be used as serializer automatically,
+ * hence `object :` instead of class instantiation.
+ *
+ * ```json
+ * // e.g.
+ * "data-rate": "1 Gbps"
+ * "data-rate": "10KBps"
+ * "data-rate": " 0.3 GBps "
+ * // etc.
+ * ```
+ */
+ internal object DataRateSerializer : UnitSerializer<DataRate>(
+ ifNumber = {
+ LOG.warn(
+ "deserialization of number with no unit of measure, assuming it is in Kibps." +
+ "Keep in mind that you can also specify the value as '$it Kibps'",
+ )
+ ofKibps(it.toDouble())
+ },
+ serializerFun = { this.encodeString(it.toString()) },
+ ifMatches("$NUM_GROUP$BITS$PER$SEC") { ofbps(json.decNumFromStr(groupValues[1])) },
+ ifMatches("$NUM_GROUP$BYTES$PER$SEC") { ofBps(json.decNumFromStr(groupValues[1])) },
+ ifMatches("$NUM_GROUP$KIBI$BITS$PER$SEC") { ofKibps(json.decNumFromStr(groupValues[1])) },
+ ifMatches("$NUM_GROUP$KILO$BITS$PER$SEC") { ofKbps(json.decNumFromStr(groupValues[1])) },
+ ifMatches("$NUM_GROUP$KIBI$BYTES$PER$SEC") { ofKiBps(json.decNumFromStr(groupValues[1])) },
+ ifMatches("$NUM_GROUP$KILO$BYTES$PER$SEC") { ofKBps(json.decNumFromStr(groupValues[1])) },
+ ifMatches("$NUM_GROUP$MEBI$BITS$PER$SEC") { ofMibps(json.decNumFromStr(groupValues[1])) },
+ ifMatches("$NUM_GROUP$MEGA$BITS$PER$SEC") { ofMbps(json.decNumFromStr(groupValues[1])) },
+ ifMatches("$NUM_GROUP$MEBI$BYTES$PER$SEC") { ofMiBps(json.decNumFromStr(groupValues[1])) },
+ ifMatches("$NUM_GROUP$MEGA$BYTES$PER$SEC") { ofMBps(json.decNumFromStr(groupValues[1])) },
+ ifMatches("$NUM_GROUP$GIBI$BITS$PER$SEC") { ofGibps(json.decNumFromStr(groupValues[1])) },
+ ifMatches("$NUM_GROUP$GIGA$BITS$PER$SEC") { ofGbps(json.decNumFromStr(groupValues[1])) },
+ ifMatches("$NUM_GROUP$GIBI$BYTES$PER$SEC") { ofGiBps(json.decNumFromStr(groupValues[1])) },
+ ifMatches("$NUM_GROUP$GIGA$BYTES$PER$SEC") { ofGBps(json.decNumFromStr(groupValues[1])) },
+ )
+ }
+}