refactor: Reimplement OpenDC model using 2.x API

70 files changed, 4553 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/opendc/README.md b/opendc/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e3c65ba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<h1 align="center">
+  <a href="http://opendc.org/">
+    <img src="../misc/artwork/logo.png" width="100" alt="OpenDC">
+  </a>
+  <br>
+  OpenDC
+</h1>
+
diff --git a/opendc/build.gradle.kts b/opendc/build.gradle.kts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cc3f3add
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/build.gradle.kts
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/build.gradle.kts b/opendc/opendc-core/build.gradle.kts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ac1f1ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/build.gradle.kts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2017 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+description = "Base model for datacenter simulation"
+
+/* Build configuration */
+plugins {
+    `kotlin-library-convention`
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    implementation(kotlin("stdlib"))
+    api(project(":odcsim:odcsim-api"))
+
+    testImplementation("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:${Library.JUNIT_JUPITER}")
+    testRuntimeOnly("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:${Library.JUNIT_JUPITER}")
+    testImplementation("org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher:${Library.JUNIT_PLATFORM}")
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Broker.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Broker.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a3d6b0a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Broker.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+
+/**
+ * A broker acting on the various cloud platforms on behalf of the user.
+ */
+interface Broker {
+    /**
+     * Build the runtime behavior of the [Broker].
+     *
+     * @param platforms A list of available cloud platforms.
+     * @return The runtime behavior of the broker.
+     */
+    suspend operator fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, platforms: List<SendRef<PlatformMessage>>)
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Cluster.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Cluster.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..da9aed00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Cluster.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Behavior
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineMessage
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.host.Host
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.supervision.MachineSupervisionEvent
+import java.util.UUID
+
+/**
+ * A logical grouping of heterogeneous hosts and primary storage within a zone.
+ *
+ * @property uid The unique identifier of the cluster.
+ * @property name The name of this cluster.
+ * @property hosts The machines in this cluster.
+ */
+data class Cluster(override val uid: UUID, override val name: String, val hosts: List<Host>) : Identity {
+    /**
+     * Build the runtime [Behavior] of this cluster of hosts.
+     *
+     * @param manager The manager of the cluster.
+     */
+    suspend operator fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, manager: SendRef<MachineSupervisionEvent>) {
+        // Launch all hosts in the cluster
+        for (host in hosts) {
+            val channel = ctx.open<MachineMessage>()
+            ctx.spawn({ host(it, manager, channel) }, name = host.name)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Environment.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Environment.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5bdff0b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Environment.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core
+
+/**
+ * A description of a large-scale computing environment. This description includes including key size and topology
+ * information of the environment, types of resources, but also various operational and management rules such as
+ * scheduled maintenance, allocation and other constraints.
+ *
+ * @property name The name of the environment.
+ * @property description A small textual description about the environment that is being modeled
+ * @property platforms The cloud platforms (such as AWS or GCE) in this environment.
+ */
+data class Environment(val name: String, val description: String?, val platforms: List<Platform>)
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Identity.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Identity.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c87e934f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Identity.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core
+
+import java.util.UUID
+
+/**
+ * An object that has a unique identity.
+ */
+interface Identity {
+    /**
+     * A unique, opaque, system-generated value, representing the object.
+     */
+    val uid: UUID
+
+    /**
+     * A non-empty, human-readable string representing the object.
+     */
+    val name: String
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Model.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Model.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d16c4b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Model.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+
+/**
+ * A simulation model for large-scale simulation of datacenter infrastructure, built with the *odcsim* API.
+ *
+ * @property environment The environment in which brokers operate.
+ * @property brokers The brokers acting on the cloud platforms.
+ */
+data class Model(val environment: Environment, val brokers: List<Broker>) {
+    /**
+     * Build the runtime behavior of the universe.
+     */
+    suspend operator fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext) {
+        // Setup the environment
+        val platforms = environment.platforms.map { platform ->
+            val channel = ctx.open<PlatformMessage>()
+            ctx.spawn({ platform(it, channel.receive) }, name = platform.name)
+            channel.send
+        }
+
+        for (broker in brokers) {
+            ctx.spawn { broker(it, platforms) }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Platform.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Platform.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fab67962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Platform.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Behavior
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ReceiveRef
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ask
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.sendOnce
+import java.util.UUID
+import kotlinx.coroutines.coroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.isActive
+
+/**
+ * A representation of a cloud platform such as Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure or Google Cloud.
+ *
+ * @property uid The unique identifier of this datacenter.
+ * @property name the name of the platform.
+ * @property zones The availability zones available on this platform.
+ */
+data class Platform(override val uid: UUID, override val name: String, val zones: List<Zone>) : Identity {
+    /**
+     * Build the runtime [Behavior] of this cloud platform.
+     */
+    suspend operator fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, main: ReceiveRef<PlatformMessage>) {
+        println("Starting cloud platform $name [$uid] with ${zones.size} zones")
+
+        // Launch all zones of the cloud platform
+        val zoneInstances = zones.associateWith { zone ->
+            val channel = ctx.open<ZoneMessage>()
+            ctx.spawn({ zone(it, channel) }, name = zone.name)
+            channel.send
+        }
+
+        val inlet = ctx.listen(main)
+        coroutineScope {
+            while (isActive) {
+                when (val msg = inlet.receive()) {
+                    is PlatformMessage.ListZones -> {
+                        msg.replyTo.sendOnce(PlatformResponse.Zones(this@Platform, zoneInstances.mapKeys { it.key.name }))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        inlet.close()
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A message protocol for communicating with a cloud platform.
+ */
+sealed class PlatformMessage {
+    /**
+     * Request the available zones on this platform.
+     *
+     * @property replyTo The actor address to send the response to.
+     */
+    data class ListZones(val replyTo: SendRef<PlatformResponse.Zones>) : PlatformMessage()
+}
+
+/**
+ * A message protocol used by platform actors to respond to [PlatformMessage]s.
+ */
+sealed class PlatformResponse {
+    /**
+     * The zones available on this cloud platform.
+     *
+     * @property platform The reference to the cloud platform these are the zones of.
+     * @property zones The zones in this cloud platform.
+     */
+    data class Zones(val platform: Platform, val zones: Map<String, SendRef<ZoneMessage>>) : PlatformResponse()
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve the available zones of a platform.
+ */
+suspend fun SendRef<PlatformMessage>.zones(): Map<String, SendRef<ZoneMessage>> {
+    val zones: PlatformResponse.Zones = ask { PlatformMessage.ListZones(it) }
+    return zones.zones
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/User.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/User.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6105ae9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/User.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core
+
+/**
+ * A user of the cloud network.
+ */
+interface User : Identity {
+    /**
+     * The name of the user.
+     */
+    override val name: String
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Zone.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Zone.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..07361423
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/Zone.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2020 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Behavior
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Channel
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ask
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.sendOnce
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.Service
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.ServiceProvider
+import java.util.ArrayDeque
+import java.util.UUID
+import kotlinx.coroutines.coroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.isActive
+
+/**
+ * An isolated location within a datacenter region from which public cloud services operate, roughly equivalent to a
+ * single datacenter. Zones contain one or more clusters and secondary storage.
+ *
+ * This class models *only* the static information of a zone, with dynamic information being contained within the zone's
+ * actor. During runtime, it's actor acts as a registry for all the cloud services provided by the zone.
+ *
+ * @property uid The unique identifier of this availability zone
+ * @property name The name of the zone within its platform.
+ * @property services The initial set of services provided by the zone.
+ * @property clusters The clusters of machines in this zone.
+ */
+data class Zone(
+    override val uid: UUID,
+    override val name: String,
+    val services: Set<ServiceProvider>,
+    val clusters: List<Cluster>
+) : Identity {
+    /**
+     * Build the runtime [Behavior] of this datacenter.
+     */
+    suspend operator fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, main: Channel<ZoneMessage>) {
+        println("Starting zone $name [$uid]")
+
+        // Launch all services of the zone
+        val instances: MutableMap<Service<*>, SendRef<*>> = mutableMapOf()
+        validateDependencies(services)
+
+        for (provider in services) {
+            val channel = ctx.open<Any>()
+            println("Spawning service ${provider.name}")
+            ctx.spawn({ provider(it, this, main.send, channel) }, name = "${provider.name}-${provider.uid}")
+            provider.provides.forEach { instances[it] = channel.send }
+        }
+
+        val inlet = ctx.listen(main.receive)
+
+        coroutineScope {
+            while (isActive) {
+                when (val msg = inlet.receive()) {
+                    is ZoneMessage.Find -> {
+                        msg.replyTo.sendOnce(ZoneResponse.Listing(this@Zone, msg.key, instances[msg.key]))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate the service for unsatisfiable dependencies.
+     */
+    private fun validateDependencies(providers: Set<ServiceProvider>) {
+        val providersByKey = HashMap<Service<*>, ServiceProvider>()
+        for (provider in providers) {
+            if (provider.provides.isEmpty()) {
+                throw IllegalArgumentException(("Service provider $provider does not provide any service."))
+            }
+            for (key in provider.provides) {
+                if (key in providersByKey) {
+                    throw IllegalArgumentException("Multiple providers for service $key")
+                }
+                providersByKey[key] = provider
+            }
+        }
+
+        val visited = HashSet<ServiceProvider>()
+        val queue = ArrayDeque(providers)
+        while (queue.isNotEmpty()) {
+            val service = queue.poll()
+            visited.add(service)
+
+            for (dependencyKey in service.dependencies) {
+                val dependency = providersByKey[dependencyKey]
+                    ?: throw IllegalArgumentException("Dependency $dependencyKey not satisfied for service $service")
+                if (dependency !in visited) {
+                    queue.add(dependency)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean = other is Zone && uid == other.uid
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = uid.hashCode()
+}
+
+/**
+ * A message protocol for communicating with the service registry
+ */
+sealed class ZoneMessage {
+    /**
+     * Lookup the specified service in this availability zone.
+     *
+     * @property key The key of the service to lookup.
+     * @property replyTo The address to reply to.
+     */
+    data class Find(
+        val key: Service<*>,
+        val replyTo: SendRef<ZoneResponse.Listing>
+    ) : ZoneMessage()
+}
+
+/**
+ * A message protocol used by service registry actors to respond to [ZoneMessage]s.
+ */
+sealed class ZoneResponse {
+    /**
+     * The response sent when looking up services in a zone.
+     *
+     * @property zone The zone from which the response originates.
+     * @property key The key of the service that was looked up.
+     * @property ref The reference to the service or `null` if it is not present in the zone.
+     */
+    data class Listing(
+        val zone: Zone,
+        val key: Service<*>,
+        private val ref: SendRef<*>?
+    ) : ZoneResponse() {
+        /**
+         * A flag to indicate whether the service is present.
+         */
+        val isPresent: Boolean
+            get() = ref != null
+
+        /**
+         * Determine whether this listing is for the specified key.
+         *
+         * @param key The key to check for.
+         * @return `true` if the listing is for this key, `false` otherwise.
+         */
+        fun isForKey(key: Service<*>): Boolean = key == this.key
+
+        /**
+         * Extract the result from the service lookup.
+         *
+         * @param key The key of the lookup.
+         * @return The reference to the service or `null` if it is not present in the zone.
+         */
+        operator fun <T : Any> invoke(key: Service<T>): SendRef<T>? {
+            require(this.key == key) { "Invalid key" }
+            @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
+            return ref as? SendRef<T>
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Find the reference to the specified [ServiceProvider].
+ *
+ * @param key The key of the service to find.
+ * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the service is not found.
+ */
+suspend fun <T : Any> SendRef<ZoneMessage>.find(key: Service<T>): SendRef<T> {
+    val listing: ZoneResponse.Listing = ask { ZoneMessage.Find(key, it) }
+    return listing(key) ?: throw IllegalArgumentException("Unknown key $key")
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/Machine.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/Machine.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f25fa3cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/Machine.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Behavior
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Channel
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.Identity
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.supervision.MachineSupervisionEvent
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.Application
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.Pid
+
+/**
+ * A generic representation of a compute node (either physical or virtual) that is able to run [Application]s.
+ */
+interface Machine : Identity {
+    /**
+     * The details of the machine in key/value pairs.
+     */
+    val details: Map<String, Any>
+
+    /**
+     * Build the runtime [Behavior] of this compute resource, accepting messages of [MachineMessage].
+     *
+     * @param supervisor The supervisor of the machine.
+     */
+    suspend operator fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, supervisor: SendRef<MachineSupervisionEvent>, main: Channel<MachineMessage>)
+}
+
+/**
+ * A reference to a machine instance that accepts messages of type [MachineMessage].
+ */
+typealias MachineRef = SendRef<MachineMessage>
+
+/**
+ * A message protocol for communicating with machine instances.
+ */
+sealed class MachineMessage {
+    /**
+     * Launch the specified [Application] on the machine instance.
+     *
+     * @property application The application to submit.
+     * @property key The key to identify this submission.
+     * @property broker The broker of the process to spawn.
+     */
+    data class Submit(
+        val application: Application,
+        val key: Any,
+        val broker: SendRef<MachineEvent>
+    ) : MachineMessage()
+}
+
+/**
+ * A message protocol used by machine instances to respond to [MachineMessage]s.
+ */
+sealed class MachineEvent {
+    /**
+     * Indicate that an [Application] was spawned on a machine instance.
+     *
+     * @property instance The machine instance to which the application was submitted.
+     * @property application The application that has been submitted.
+     * @property key The key used to identify the submission.
+     * @property pid The spawned application instance.
+     */
+    data class Submitted(
+        val instance: MachineRef,
+        val application: Application,
+        val key: Any,
+        val pid: Pid
+    ) : MachineEvent()
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate that an [Application] has terminated on the specified machine.
+     *
+     * @property instance The machine instance to which the application was submitted.
+     * @property pid The reference to the application instance that has terminated.
+     * @property status The exit code of the task, where zero means successful.
+     */
+    data class Terminated(
+        val instance: MachineRef,
+        val pid: Pid,
+        val status: Int = 0
+    ) : MachineEvent()
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/MachineStatus.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/MachineStatus.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..af039bcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/MachineStatus.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute
+
+/**
+ * The status of a machine.
+ */
+enum class MachineStatus {
+    HALT,
+    RUNNING
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/ProcessingElement.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/ProcessingElement.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..23a5b444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/ProcessingElement.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute
+
+/**
+ * A logical core in a CPU.
+ *
+ * @property id The identifier of the core within the CPU.
+ * @property unit The [ProcessingUnit] the core is part of.
+ */
+data class ProcessingElement(val id: Int, val unit: ProcessingUnit)
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/ProcessingUnit.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/ProcessingUnit.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..76985f64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/ProcessingUnit.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute
+
+/**
+ * A processing unit of a compute resource, either virtual or physical.
+ *
+ * @property vendor The vendor string of the cpu.
+ * @property family The cpu family number.
+ * @property model The model number of the cpu.
+ * @property modelName The name of the cpu model.
+ * @property clockRate The clock speed of the cpu in MHz.
+ * @property cores The number of logical cores in the cpu.
+ */
+data class ProcessingUnit(
+    val vendor: String,
+    val family: Int,
+    val model: Int,
+    val modelName: String,
+    val clockRate: Double,
+    val cores: Int
+)
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/host/Host.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/host/Host.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..21217468
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/host/Host.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.host
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Behavior
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Channel
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.sendOnce
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.Machine
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineMessage
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.ProcessingElement
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.scheduling.MachineScheduler
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.supervision.MachineSupervisionEvent
+import java.util.UUID
+import kotlinx.coroutines.coroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.isActive
+
+/**
+ * A physical compute node in a datacenter that is able to run [Application]s.
+ *
+ * @property uid The unique identifier of this machine.
+ * @property name The name of the machine.
+ * @property scheduler The process scheduler of this machine.
+ * @property cores The list of processing elements in the machine.
+ * @property details The details of this host.
+ */
+data class Host(
+    override val uid: UUID,
+    override val name: String,
+    val scheduler: MachineScheduler,
+    val cores: List<ProcessingElement>,
+    override val details: Map<String, Any> = emptyMap()
+) : Machine {
+    /**
+     * Build the [Behavior] for a physical machine.
+     */
+    override suspend fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, supervisor: SendRef<MachineSupervisionEvent>, main: Channel<MachineMessage>) {
+        coroutineScope {
+            supervisor.sendOnce(MachineSupervisionEvent.Announce(this@Host, main.send))
+            supervisor.sendOnce(MachineSupervisionEvent.Up(main.send))
+
+            val sched = scheduler(ctx, this, this@Host, main.send)
+            sched.updateResources(cores)
+
+            val inlet = ctx.listen(main.receive)
+            while (isActive) {
+                when (val msg = inlet.receive()) {
+                    is MachineMessage.Submit -> {
+                        sched.submit(msg.application, msg.key, msg.broker)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            inlet.close()
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean = other is Machine && uid == other.uid
+
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = uid.hashCode()
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/MachineScheduler.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/MachineScheduler.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..400c6a0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/MachineScheduler.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.scheduling
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.Machine
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineRef
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
+
+/**
+ * A factory interface for constructing a [MachineSchedulerLogic].
+ */
+interface MachineScheduler {
+    /**
+     * Construct a [MachineSchedulerLogic] in the given [ProcessContext].
+     *
+     * @param machine The machine to create the scheduler for.
+     */
+    operator fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, coroutineScope: CoroutineScope, machine: Machine, machineRef: MachineRef): MachineSchedulerLogic
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/MachineSchedulerLogic.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/MachineSchedulerLogic.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9bc20eb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/MachineSchedulerLogic.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.scheduling
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.Machine
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineEvent
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.ProcessingElement
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.Application
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.ProcessSupervisor
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
+
+/**
+ * A scheduler that distributes processes over processing elements in a machine.
+ *
+ * @property ctx The context in which the scheduler runs.
+ * @property machine The machine to create the scheduler for.
+ */
+abstract class MachineSchedulerLogic(
+    protected val ctx: ProcessContext,
+    protected val coroutineScope: CoroutineScope,
+    protected val machine: Machine,
+    protected val machineRef: MachineRef
+) : ProcessSupervisor {
+    /**
+     * Update the available resources in the machine.
+     *
+     * @param cores The available processing cores for the scheduler.
+     */
+    abstract suspend fun updateResources(cores: List<ProcessingElement>)
+
+    /**
+     * Submit the specified application for scheduling.
+     *
+     * @param application The application to submit.
+     * @param key The key to identify the application instance.
+     * @param handler The broker of this application.
+     */
+    abstract suspend fun submit(application: Application, key: Any, handler: SendRef<MachineEvent>)
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/ProcessObserver.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/ProcessObserver.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2cfeec06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/ProcessObserver.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.scheduling
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Behavior
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ReceiveRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineEvent
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.Application
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.Pid
+import kotlinx.coroutines.coroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.isActive
+
+/**
+ * An interface for observing processes.
+ */
+interface ProcessObserver {
+    /**
+     * This method is invoked when the setup of an application completed successfully.
+     *
+     * @param pid The process id of the process that has been initialized.
+     */
+    fun onSubmission(instance: MachineRef, application: Application, key: Any, pid: Pid)
+
+    /**
+     * This method is invoked when a process exits.
+     *
+     * @property pid A reference to the application instance.
+     * @property status The exit code of the task, where zero means successful.
+     */
+    fun onTermination(instance: MachineRef, pid: Pid, status: Int)
+
+    companion object {
+        /**
+         * Create the [Behavior] for a [ProcessObserver].
+         *
+         * @param observer The observer to create the behavior for.
+         */
+        suspend operator fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, observer: ProcessObserver, main: ReceiveRef<Any>) {
+            val inlet = ctx.listen(main)
+
+            coroutineScope {
+                while (isActive) {
+                    when (val msg = inlet.receive()) {
+                        is MachineEvent.Submitted -> observer.onSubmission(msg.instance, msg.application, msg.key, msg.pid)
+                        is MachineEvent.Terminated -> observer.onTermination(msg.instance, msg.pid, msg.status)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            inlet.close()
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/ProcessState.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/ProcessState.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e9e9a53e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/ProcessState.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.scheduling
+
+/**
+ * An enumeration of the distinct states of an application instance (process).
+ */
+enum class ProcessState {
+    /**
+     * Default state of a process, where the task is waiting to be assigned and installed on a machine.
+     */
+    CREATED,
+
+    /**
+     * State to indicate that the process is waiting to be ran.
+     */
+    READY,
+
+    /**
+     * State to indicate that the process is currently running.
+     */
+    RUNNING,
+
+    /**
+     * State to indicate that the process has been terminated, either successfully or due to failure.
+     */
+    TERMINATED,
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/ProcessView.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/ProcessView.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..daf71af4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/ProcessView.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.scheduling
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineEvent
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.Application
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.Pid
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.ProcessMessage
+
+/**
+ * A process represents a application instance running on a particular machine from the machine scheduler's point of
+ * view.
+ *
+ * @property application The application this is an instance of.
+ * @property broker The broker of the process, which is informed about its progress.
+ * @property pid The reference to the application instance.
+ * @property state The state of the process.
+ */
+data class ProcessView(
+    val application: Application,
+    val broker: SendRef<MachineEvent>,
+    val pid: Pid,
+    var state: ProcessState = ProcessState.CREATED
+) {
+    /**
+     * The slice of processing elements allocated for the process. Available as soon as the state
+     * becomes [ProcessState.RUNNING]
+     */
+    lateinit var allocation: ProcessMessage.Allocation
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/SpaceSharedMachineScheduler.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/SpaceSharedMachineScheduler.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6cdc3ea5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/scheduling/SpaceSharedMachineScheduler.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.scheduling
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.sendOnce
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.Machine
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineEvent
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.ProcessingElement
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.Application
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.Pid
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.ProcessEvent
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.ProcessMessage
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.ProcessSupervisor
+import java.util.ArrayDeque
+import java.util.UUID
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
+import kotlinx.coroutines.Job
+import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
+import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
+
+/**
+ * A machine scheduling policy where processes are space-shared on the machine.
+ *
+ * Space-sharing for machine scheduling means that all running processes will be allocated a separate set of the
+ * [ProcessingElement]s in a [Machine]. Applications are scheduled on the machine in first-in-first-out (FIFO) order,
+ * thus larger applications may block smaller tasks from proceeding, while space is available (no backfilling).
+ *
+ * @property ctx The context in which the scheduler runs.
+ * @property machine The machine to create the scheduler for.
+ */
+class SpaceSharedMachineScheduler(
+    ctx: ProcessContext,
+    coroutineScope: CoroutineScope,
+    machine: Machine,
+    machineRef: MachineRef
+) : MachineSchedulerLogic(ctx, coroutineScope, machine, machineRef), ProcessSupervisor {
+    private var cores = 0
+    private val available = ArrayDeque<ProcessingElement>()
+    private val queue = ArrayDeque<SendRef<ProcessMessage>>()
+    private val running = LinkedHashSet<SendRef<ProcessMessage>>()
+    private val processes = HashMap<SendRef<ProcessMessage>, ProcessView>()
+    private val jobs = HashMap<SendRef<ProcessMessage>, Job>()
+    private val channel = ctx.open<ProcessEvent>()
+
+    init {
+        coroutineScope.launch {
+            ProcessSupervisor(ctx, this@SpaceSharedMachineScheduler, channel.receive)
+        }
+    }
+
+    override suspend fun updateResources(cores: List<ProcessingElement>) {
+        available.addAll(cores)
+        this.cores = cores.size
+
+        // Add all running tasks in front of the queue
+        running.reversed().forEach { queue.addFirst(it) }
+        running.clear()
+
+        reschedule()
+    }
+
+    override suspend fun submit(application: Application, key: Any, handler: SendRef<MachineEvent>) {
+        val channel = ctx.open<ProcessMessage>()
+        val pid = channel.send
+        // Create application instance on the machine
+        ctx.spawn({ application(it, pid, channel.receive) }, name = application.name + ":" + application.uid + ":" + UUID.randomUUID().toString())
+        processes[pid] = ProcessView(application, handler, pid)
+
+        // Inform the owner that the task has been submitted
+        handler.sendOnce(MachineEvent.Submitted(machineRef, application, key, pid))
+
+        // Setup the task
+        pid.sendOnce(ProcessMessage.Setup(machine, this@SpaceSharedMachineScheduler.channel.send))
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reschedule the tasks on this machine.
+     */
+    private fun reschedule() {
+        while (queue.isNotEmpty()) {
+            val pid = queue.peek()
+            val process = processes[pid]!!
+
+            if (process.application.cores >= cores) {
+                // The task will never fit on the machine
+                // TODO Fail task
+                println("Process $process will not fit in machine: dropping.")
+                queue.remove()
+                return
+            } else if (process.application.cores > available.size) {
+                // The task will not fit at the moment
+                // Try again if resources become available
+                // ctx.log.debug("Application queued: not enough processing elements available [requested={}, available={}]",
+                //    process.application.cores, available.size)
+                return
+            }
+            queue.remove()
+
+            // Compute the available resources
+            val resources = List(process.application.cores) {
+                val pe = available.poll()
+                Pair(pe, 1.0)
+            }.toMap()
+            process.state = ProcessState.RUNNING
+            process.allocation = ProcessMessage.Allocation(resources, Long.MAX_VALUE)
+            running += pid
+
+            coroutineScope.launch(Dispatchers.Unconfined) {
+                pid.sendOnce(process.allocation)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun onReady(pid: Pid) {
+        val process = processes[pid]!!
+
+        // Schedule the task if it has been setup
+        queue.add(pid)
+        process.state = ProcessState.READY
+
+        reschedule()
+    }
+
+    override fun onConsume(pid: Pid, utilization: Map<ProcessingElement, Double>, until: Long) {
+        val process = processes[pid]!!
+        val allocation = process.allocation
+
+        if (until > allocation.until) {
+            // Tasks are not allowed to extend allocation provided by the machine
+            // TODO Fail the task
+            println("Task $pid must not extend allocation provided by the machine")
+        } else if (until < allocation.until) {
+            // Shrink allocation
+            process.allocation = allocation.copy(until = until)
+        }
+
+        // Reschedule the process after the allocation expires
+        jobs[pid] = coroutineScope.launch {
+            delay(process.allocation.until - ctx.clock.millis())
+            // We just extend the allocation
+            process.allocation = process.allocation.copy(until = Long.MAX_VALUE)
+            pid.sendOnce(process.allocation)
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun onExit(pid: Pid, status: Int) {
+        val process = processes.remove(pid)!!
+        running -= pid
+        jobs[pid]?.cancel()
+        process.allocation.resources.keys.forEach { available.add(it) }
+
+        // Inform the owner that the task has terminated
+        coroutineScope.launch {
+            process.broker.sendOnce(MachineEvent.Terminated(machineRef, pid, status))
+        }
+    }
+
+    companion object : MachineScheduler {
+        override fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, coroutineScope: CoroutineScope, machine: Machine, machineRef: MachineRef): MachineSchedulerLogic {
+            return SpaceSharedMachineScheduler(ctx, coroutineScope, machine, machineRef)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/supervision/MachineSupervisionEvent.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/supervision/MachineSupervisionEvent.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8a022112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/supervision/MachineSupervisionEvent.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.supervision
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.Machine
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineRef
+
+/**
+ * A supervision protocol for [Machine] instances.
+ */
+sealed class MachineSupervisionEvent {
+    /**
+     * Initialization message to introduce to the supervisor a new machine by specifying its static information and
+     * address.
+     *
+     * @property machine The machine that is being announced.
+     * @property ref The address to talk to the host.
+     */
+    data class Announce(val machine: Machine, val ref: MachineRef) : MachineSupervisionEvent()
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate that the specified machine has booted up.
+     *
+     * @property ref The address to talk to the machine.
+     */
+    data class Up(val ref: MachineRef) : MachineSupervisionEvent()
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/supervision/MachineSupervisor.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/supervision/MachineSupervisor.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..37cf9d44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/resources/compute/supervision/MachineSupervisor.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.supervision
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Behavior
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ReceiveRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.Machine
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineRef
+import kotlinx.coroutines.coroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.isActive
+
+/**
+ * An interface for supervising [Machine] instances.
+ */
+interface MachineSupervisor {
+    /**
+     * This method is invoked when a new machine is introduced to the supervisor by specifying its static information
+     * and address.
+     *
+     * @param machine The machine that is being announced.
+     * @param ref The address to talk to the host.
+     */
+    fun onAnnounce(machine: Machine, ref: MachineRef)
+
+    /**
+     * This method is invoked when a process exits.
+     *
+     * @param ref The address to talk to the machine.
+     */
+    fun onUp(ref: MachineRef)
+
+    companion object {
+        /**
+         * Create the [Behavior] for a [MachineSupervisor].
+         *
+         * @param supervisor The supervisor to create the behavior for.
+         */
+        suspend operator fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, supervisor: MachineSupervisor, main: ReceiveRef<MachineSupervisionEvent>) {
+            val inlet = ctx.listen(main)
+
+            coroutineScope {
+                while (isActive) {
+                    when (val msg = inlet.receive()) {
+                        is MachineSupervisionEvent.Announce -> supervisor.onAnnounce(msg.machine, msg.ref)
+                        is MachineSupervisionEvent.Up -> supervisor.onUp(msg.ref)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            inlet.close()
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/Service.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/Service.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8dcec760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/Service.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.services
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.Identity
+import java.util.UUID
+
+/**
+ * An interface for identifying service implementations of the same type (providing the same service).
+ *
+ * @param T The shape of the messages the service responds to.
+ */
+interface Service<T : Any> : Identity
+
+/**
+ * Helper class for constructing a [Service].
+ *
+ * @property uid The unique identifier of the service.
+ * @property name The name of the service.
+ */
+abstract class AbstractService<T : Any>(override val uid: UUID, override val name: String) : Service<T> {
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean = other is Service<*> && uid == other.uid
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = uid.hashCode()
+    override fun toString(): String = "Service[uid=$uid,name=$name]"
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/ServiceMap.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/ServiceMap.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14cf4845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/ServiceMap.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.services
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+
+/**
+ * A map containing services.
+ */
+interface ServiceMap {
+    /**
+     * Determine if this map contains the service with the specified [Service].
+     *
+     * @param key The key of the service to check for.
+     * @return `true` if the service is in the map, `false` otherwise.
+     */
+    operator fun contains(key: Service<*>): Boolean
+
+    /**
+     * Obtain the service with the specified [Service].
+     *
+     * @param key The key of the service to obtain.
+     * @return The references to the service.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the key does not exists in the map.
+     */
+    operator fun <T : Any> get(key: Service<T>): SendRef<T>
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/ServiceProvider.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/ServiceProvider.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3592d578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/ServiceProvider.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.services
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Behavior
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Channel
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.Identity
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.Zone
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.ZoneMessage
+import java.util.UUID
+
+/**
+ * An abstract representation of a cloud service implementation provided by a cloud platform.
+ */
+interface ServiceProvider : Identity {
+    /**
+     * The unique identifier of the service implementation.
+     */
+    override val uid: UUID
+
+    /**
+     * The name of the service implementation.
+     */
+    override val name: String
+
+    /**
+     * The set of services provided by this [ServiceProvider].
+     */
+    val provides: Set<Service<*>>
+
+    /**
+     * The dependencies of the service implementation.
+     */
+    val dependencies: Set<Service<*>>
+
+    /**
+     * Build the runtime [Behavior] for this service.
+     *
+     * @param zone The zone model for which the service should be build.
+     * @param zoneRef The runtime reference to the zone's actor for communication.
+     * @param main The channel on which the service should listen.
+     */
+    suspend operator fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, zone: Zone, zoneRef: SendRef<ZoneMessage>, main: Channel<Any>)
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/provisioning/ProvisioningService.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/provisioning/ProvisioningService.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..604e1942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/provisioning/ProvisioningService.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.provisioning
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.AbstractService
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.Service
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.ServiceProvider
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.resources.HostView
+import java.util.UUID
+
+/**
+ * A cloud platform service that provisions the native resources on the platform.
+ *
+ * This service assumes control over all hosts in its [Zone].
+ */
+abstract class ProvisioningService : ServiceProvider {
+    override val provides: Set<Service<*>> = setOf(ProvisioningService)
+
+    /**
+     * The service key of the provisioner service.
+     */
+    companion object : AbstractService<ProvisioningMessage>(UUID.randomUUID(), "provisioner")
+}
+
+/**
+ * A message protocol for communicating to the resource provisioner.
+ */
+sealed class ProvisioningMessage {
+    /**
+     * Request the specified number of resources from the provisioner.
+     *
+     * @property numHosts The number of hosts to request from the provisioner.
+     * @property replyTo The actor to reply to.
+     */
+    data class Request(val numHosts: Int, val replyTo: SendRef<ProvisioningResponse.Lease>) : ProvisioningMessage()
+
+    /**
+     * Release the specified resource [ProvisioningResponse.Lease].
+     *
+     * @property lease The lease to release.
+     */
+    data class Release(val lease: ProvisioningResponse.Lease) : ProvisioningMessage()
+}
+
+/**
+ * A message protocol used by the resource provisioner to respond to [ProvisioningMessage]s.
+ */
+sealed class ProvisioningResponse {
+    /**
+     * A lease for the specified hosts.
+     */
+    data class Lease(val hosts: List<HostView>) : ProvisioningResponse()
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/provisioning/SimpleProvisioningService.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/provisioning/SimpleProvisioningService.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5f77e1a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/provisioning/SimpleProvisioningService.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.provisioning
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Behavior
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Channel
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ask
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.sendOnce
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.Zone
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.ZoneMessage
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.find
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.Service
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.resources.HostView
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.resources.ResourceManagementMessage
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.resources.ResourceManagementResponse
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.resources.ResourceManagementService
+import java.util.ArrayDeque
+import java.util.UUID
+import kotlinx.coroutines.coroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
+import kotlinx.coroutines.isActive
+
+/**
+ * A cloud platform service that provisions the native resources on the platform.
+ *
+ * This service assumes control over all hosts in its [Zone].
+ */
+object SimpleProvisioningService : ProvisioningService() {
+    override val uid: UUID = UUID.randomUUID()
+    override val name: String = "simple-provisioner"
+    override val dependencies: Set<Service<*>> = setOf(ResourceManagementService)
+
+    /**
+     * Build the runtime [Behavior] for the resource provisioner, responding to messages of shape [ProvisioningMessage].
+     */
+    override suspend fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, zone: Zone, zoneRef: SendRef<ZoneMessage>, main: Channel<Any>) {
+        val inlet = ctx.listen(main.receive)
+        val manager = zoneRef.find(ResourceManagementService)
+
+        delay(10)
+
+        val hosts = mutableMapOf<MachineRef, HostView>()
+        val available = ArrayDeque<HostView>()
+        val leases = mutableSetOf<ProvisioningResponse.Lease>()
+
+        // Subscribe to all machines in the zone
+        for (cluster in zone.clusters) {
+            for (host in cluster.hosts) {
+                val msg: ResourceManagementResponse.Listing = manager.ask { ResourceManagementMessage.Lookup(host, it) }
+                if (msg.instance != null) {
+                    hosts[msg.instance.ref] = msg.instance
+                    available.add(msg.instance)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        coroutineScope {
+            while (isActive) {
+                when (val msg = inlet.receive()) {
+                    is ProvisioningMessage.Request -> {
+                        println("Provisioning ${msg.numHosts} hosts")
+                        val leaseHosts = mutableListOf<HostView>()
+                        while (available.isNotEmpty() && leaseHosts.size < msg.numHosts) {
+                            leaseHosts += available.poll()
+                        }
+                        val lease = ProvisioningResponse.Lease(leaseHosts)
+                        leases += lease
+                        msg.replyTo.sendOnce(lease)
+                    }
+                    is ProvisioningMessage.Release -> {
+                        val lease = msg.lease
+                        if (lease in leases) {
+                            return@coroutineScope
+                        }
+                        available.addAll(lease.hosts)
+                        leases -= lease
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/resources/HostView.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/resources/HostView.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..60dd2eb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/resources/HostView.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.resources
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineStatus
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.host.Host
+
+/**
+ * The dynamic information of a [Host] instance that is being tracked by the [ResourceManagementService]. This means
+ * that information may not be up-to-date.
+ *
+ * @property host The static information of the host.
+ * @property ref The reference to the host's actor.
+ * @property status The status of the machine.
+ */
+data class HostView(val host: Host, val ref: MachineRef, val status: MachineStatus = MachineStatus.HALT) {
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean = other is HostView && host.uid == other.host.uid
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = host.uid.hashCode()
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/resources/ResourceManagementService.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/resources/ResourceManagementService.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cc032952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/services/resources/ResourceManagementService.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.resources
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Channel
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.sendOnce
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.Zone
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.ZoneMessage
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineStatus
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.host.Host
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.supervision.MachineSupervisionEvent
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.Service
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.ServiceProvider
+import java.util.UUID
+import kotlinx.coroutines.coroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.isActive
+
+/**
+ * A cloud platform service that manages the native resources on the platform.
+ *
+ * This service assumes control over all hosts in its [Zone].
+ */
+object ResourceManagementService : ServiceProvider, Service<ResourceManagementMessage> {
+    override val uid: UUID = UUID.randomUUID()
+    override val name: String = "resource-manager"
+    override val provides: Set<Service<*>> = setOf(ResourceManagementService)
+    override val dependencies: Set<Service<*>> = emptySet()
+
+    /**
+     * Build the runtime behavior of the [ResourceManagementService].
+     */
+    override suspend fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, zone: Zone, zoneRef: SendRef<ZoneMessage>, main: Channel<Any>) {
+        // Launch the clusters of the zone
+        for (cluster in zone.clusters) {
+            ctx.spawn({ cluster(it, main.send) }, name = "${cluster.name}-${cluster.uid}")
+        }
+
+        val hosts = mutableMapOf<MachineRef, HostView>()
+        val inlet = ctx.listen(main.receive)
+
+        coroutineScope {
+            while (isActive) {
+                when (val msg = inlet.receive()) {
+                    is MachineSupervisionEvent.Announce -> {
+                        val host = msg.machine as? Host
+                        if (host != null) {
+                            hosts[msg.ref] = HostView(host, msg.ref)
+                        }
+                    }
+                    is MachineSupervisionEvent.Up -> {
+                        hosts.computeIfPresent(msg.ref) { _, value ->
+                            value.copy(status = MachineStatus.RUNNING)
+                        }
+                    }
+                    is ResourceManagementMessage.Lookup -> {
+                        msg.replyTo.sendOnce(ResourceManagementResponse.Listing(hosts.values.find { it.host == msg.host }))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A reference to the resource manager of a zone.
+ */
+typealias ResourceManagerRef = SendRef<ResourceManagementMessage>
+
+/**
+ * A message protocol for communicating to the resource manager.
+ */
+sealed class ResourceManagementMessage {
+    /**
+     * Lookup the specified [Host].
+     *
+     * @property host The host to lookup.
+     * @property replyTo The address to sent the response to.
+     */
+    data class Lookup(
+        val host: Host,
+        val replyTo: SendRef<ResourceManagementResponse.Listing>
+    ) : ResourceManagementMessage()
+}
+
+/**
+ * A message protocol used by the resource manager to respond to [ResourceManagementMessage]s.
+ */
+sealed class ResourceManagementResponse {
+    /**
+     * A response to a [ResourceManagementMessage.Lookup] request.
+     *
+     * @property instance The instance that was found or `null` if it does not exist.
+     */
+    data class Listing(val instance: HostView?) : ResourceManagementResponse()
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/workload/Workload.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/workload/Workload.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..def5d6e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/workload/Workload.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.Identity
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.User
+
+/**
+ * A high-level abstraction that represents the actual work that a set of compute resources perform, such
+ * as running an application on a machine or a whole workflow running multiple tasks on numerous machines.
+ */
+interface Workload : Identity {
+    /**
+     * The owner of this workload.
+     */
+    val owner: User
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/workload/application/Application.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/workload/application/Application.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d1ccd347
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/workload/application/Application.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Behavior
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ReceiveRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.Workload
+
+/**
+ * A generic representation of a workload that can directly be executed by physical or virtual compute resources,
+ * such as a web server application.
+ */
+interface Application : Workload {
+    /**
+     * The number of processing elements required by the task.
+     */
+    val cores: Int
+
+    /**
+     * Build the runtime [Behavior] of an application, accepting messages of [ProcessMessage].
+     *
+     * This is a model for the runtime behavior of an application instance (process) that describes how an application
+     * instance consumes the allocated resources on a machine.
+     */
+    suspend operator fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, pid: Pid, main: ReceiveRef<ProcessMessage>)
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/workload/application/FlopsApplication.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/workload/application/FlopsApplication.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2dbacf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/workload/application/FlopsApplication.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Behavior
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ReceiveRef
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.sendOnce
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.User
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.ProcessingElement
+import java.util.UUID
+import kotlin.math.ceil
+import kotlin.math.min
+import kotlinx.coroutines.coroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.isActive
+
+/**
+ * An [Application] implementation that models applications performing a static number of floating point operations
+ * ([flops]) on a compute resource.
+ *
+ * @property uid A unique identifier for this application.
+ * @property name The name of the application.
+ * @property owner The owner of this application.
+ * @property cores The number of cores needed for this application.
+ * @property flops The number of floating point operations to perform for this task.
+ */
+class FlopsApplication(
+    override val uid: UUID,
+    override val name: String,
+    override val owner: User,
+    override val cores: Int,
+    val flops: Long
+) : Application {
+
+    init {
+        require(flops >= 0) { "Negative number of flops" }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Build the runtime [Behavior] based on a number of floating point operations to execute.
+     */
+    override suspend fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, pid: Pid, main: ReceiveRef<ProcessMessage>) {
+        val inlet = ctx.listen(main)
+        var remaining = flops
+        var start: Long = 0
+        lateinit var allocation: Map<ProcessingElement, Double>
+
+        val created = inlet.receive() as ProcessMessage.Setup
+        val ref = created.ref
+
+        ref.sendOnce(ProcessEvent.Ready(pid))
+
+        suspend fun processAllocation(resources: Map<ProcessingElement, Double>, until: Long) {
+            start = ctx.clock.millis()
+            allocation = resources
+                .asSequence()
+                .take(cores)
+                .associateBy({ it.key }, { it.value })
+
+            val speed = allocation.asSequence()
+                .map { (key, value) -> key.unit.clockRate * value }
+                .average()
+            val finishedAt = ceil(ctx.clock.millis() + remaining / speed).toLong()
+            ref.sendOnce(ProcessEvent.Consume(pid, allocation, min(finishedAt, until)))
+        }
+
+        var msg = inlet.receive() as ProcessMessage.Allocation
+        processAllocation(msg.resources, msg.until)
+
+        coroutineScope {
+            while (isActive) {
+                msg = inlet.receive() as ProcessMessage.Allocation
+
+                /* Compute the consumption of flops */
+                val consumed = allocation.asSequence()
+                    .map { (key, value) -> key.unit.clockRate * value * (ctx.clock.millis() - start) }
+                    .sum()
+                // Ceil to prevent consumed flops being rounded to 0
+                remaining -= ceil(consumed).toLong()
+
+                /* Test whether all flops have been consumed and the task is finished */
+                if (remaining <= 0) {
+                    ref.sendOnce(ProcessEvent.Exit(pid, 0))
+                    break
+                }
+                processAllocation(msg.resources, msg.until)
+            }
+        }
+
+        inlet.close()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/workload/application/Process.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/workload/application/Process.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fc70b924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/workload/application/Process.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.Machine
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.ProcessingElement
+
+/**
+ * The process id (pid) is a reference to the application instance (process) that accepts messages of
+ * type [ProcessMessage].
+ */
+typealias Pid = SendRef<ProcessMessage>
+
+/**
+ * A message protocol for actors to communicate with task instances (called processes).
+ */
+sealed class ProcessMessage {
+    /**
+     * Indicate that the task should be installed to the specified machine.
+     *
+     * @property machine The machine to install the task.
+     * @property ref The reference to the machine instance.
+     */
+    data class Setup(val machine: Machine, val ref: SendRef<ProcessEvent>) : ProcessMessage()
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate an allocation of compute resources on a machine for a certain duration.
+     * The task may assume that the reservation occurs after installation on the same machine.
+     *
+     * @property resources The cpu cores (and the utilization percentages) allocated for the task.
+     * @property until The point in time till which the reservation is valid.
+     */
+    data class Allocation(val resources: Map<ProcessingElement, Double>, val until: Long) : ProcessMessage()
+}
+
+/**
+ * The message protocol used by application instances respond to [ProcessMessage]s.
+ */
+sealed class ProcessEvent {
+    /**
+     * Indicate that the process is ready to start processing.
+     *
+     * @property pid A reference to the application instance.
+     */
+    data class Ready(val pid: Pid) : ProcessEvent()
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate the estimated resource utilization of the task until a specified point in time.
+     *
+     * @property pid A reference to the application instance of the represented utilization.
+     * @property utilization The utilization of the cpu cores as a percentage.
+     * @property until The point in time until which the utilization is valid.
+     */
+    data class Consume(
+        val pid: Pid,
+        val utilization: Map<ProcessingElement, Double>,
+        val until: Long
+    ) : ProcessEvent()
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate that a process has been terminated.
+     *
+     * @property pid A reference to the application instance.
+     * @property status The exit code of the task, where zero means successful.
+     */
+    data class Exit(val pid: Pid, val status: Int) : ProcessEvent()
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/workload/application/ProcessSupervisor.kt b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/workload/application/ProcessSupervisor.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fefd6c88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-core/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/core/workload/application/ProcessSupervisor.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Behavior
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ReceiveRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.ProcessingElement
+import kotlinx.coroutines.coroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.isActive
+
+/**
+ * An interface for supervising processes.
+ */
+interface ProcessSupervisor {
+    /**
+     * This method is invoked when the setup of an application completed successfully.
+     *
+     * @param pid The process id of the process that has been initialized.
+     */
+    fun onReady(pid: Pid) {}
+
+    /**
+     * This method is invoked when a process informs the machine that it is running with the
+     * estimated resource utilization until a specified point in time.
+     *
+     * @param pid The process id of the process that is running.
+     * @param utilization The utilization of the cpu cores as a percentage.
+     * @param until The point in time until which the utilization is valid.
+     */
+    fun onConsume(pid: Pid, utilization: Map<ProcessingElement, Double>, until: Long) {}
+
+    /**
+     * This method is invoked when a process exits.
+     *
+     * @property pid A reference to the application instance.
+     * @property status The exit code of the task, where zero means successful.
+     */
+    fun onExit(pid: Pid, status: Int) {}
+
+    companion object {
+        /**
+         * Create the [Behavior] for a [ProcessSupervisor].
+         *
+         * @param supervisor The supervisor to create the behavior for.
+         */
+        suspend operator fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, supervisor: ProcessSupervisor, main: ReceiveRef<ProcessEvent>) {
+            val inlet = ctx.listen(main)
+            coroutineScope {
+                while (isActive) {
+                    when (val msg = inlet.receive()) {
+                        is ProcessEvent.Ready -> supervisor.onReady(msg.pid)
+                        is ProcessEvent.Consume -> supervisor.onConsume(msg.pid, msg.utilization, msg.until)
+                        is ProcessEvent.Exit -> supervisor.onExit(msg.pid, msg.status)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            inlet.close()
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-experiments-tpds/build.gradle.kts b/opendc/opendc-experiments-tpds/build.gradle.kts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..297e1d94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-experiments-tpds/build.gradle.kts
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+description = "Experiments for the TPDS paper"
+
+/* Build configuration */
+plugins {
+    `kotlin-library-convention`
+    application
+}
+
+application {
+    mainClassName = "com.atlarge.opendc.experiments.tpds.TestExperiment"
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    api(project(":opendc:opendc-core"))
+    implementation(project(":opendc:opendc-format"))
+    implementation(project(":opendc:opendc-workflows"))
+    implementation(kotlin("stdlib"))
+
+    runtimeOnly(project(":odcsim:odcsim-engine-omega"))
+    testImplementation("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:${Library.JUNIT_JUPITER}")
+    testRuntimeOnly("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:${Library.JUNIT_JUPITER}")
+    testImplementation("org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher:${Library.JUNIT_PLATFORM}")
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-experiments-tpds/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/experiments/tpds/TestExperiment.kt b/opendc/opendc-experiments-tpds/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/experiments/tpds/TestExperiment.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ffd1604e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-experiments-tpds/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/experiments/tpds/TestExperiment.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.experiments.tpds
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SimulationEngineProvider
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.Broker
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.Model
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.PlatformMessage
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.find
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.provisioning.SimpleProvisioningService
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.resources.ResourceManagementService
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.zones
+import com.atlarge.opendc.format.environment.sc18.Sc18EnvironmentReader
+import com.atlarge.opendc.format.trace.gwf.GwfTraceReader
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.StageWorkflowScheduler
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.WorkflowEvent
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.WorkflowMessage
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.WorkflowSchedulerMode
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.WorkflowService
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.job.FifoJobSortingPolicy
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.job.NullJobAdmissionPolicy
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.resource.FirstFitResourceSelectionPolicy
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.resource.FunctionalResourceDynamicFilterPolicy
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.task.FifoTaskSortingPolicy
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.task.FunctionalTaskEligibilityPolicy
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.workload.Job
+import java.io.File
+import java.util.ServiceLoader
+import kotlin.math.max
+import kotlinx.coroutines.coroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
+import kotlinx.coroutines.isActive
+import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
+import kotlinx.coroutines.runBlocking
+
+/**
+ * Main entry point of the experiment.
+ */
+fun main(args: Array<String>) {
+    if (args.isEmpty()) {
+        println("error: Please provide path to GWF trace")
+        return
+    }
+
+    val scheduler = StageWorkflowScheduler(
+        mode = WorkflowSchedulerMode.Batch(100),
+        jobAdmissionPolicy = NullJobAdmissionPolicy,
+        jobSortingPolicy = FifoJobSortingPolicy(),
+        taskEligibilityPolicy = FunctionalTaskEligibilityPolicy(),
+        taskSortingPolicy = FifoTaskSortingPolicy(),
+        resourceDynamicFilterPolicy = FunctionalResourceDynamicFilterPolicy(),
+        resourceSelectionPolicy = FirstFitResourceSelectionPolicy()
+    )
+
+    val environment = Sc18EnvironmentReader(object {}.javaClass.getResourceAsStream("/env/setup-test.json"))
+        .use { it.read() }
+        .let { env ->
+            env.copy(platforms = env.platforms.map { platform ->
+                platform.copy(zones = platform.zones.map { zone ->
+                    val services = zone.services + setOf(ResourceManagementService, SimpleProvisioningService, WorkflowService(scheduler))
+                    zone.copy(services = services)
+                })
+            })
+        }
+
+    val broker = object : Broker {
+        override suspend fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, platforms: List<SendRef<PlatformMessage>>) {
+            coroutineScope {
+                val zones = platforms.first().zones()
+                val service = zones.values.first().find(WorkflowService)
+                val activeJobs = mutableSetOf<Job>()
+                val channel = ctx.open<WorkflowEvent>()
+                val outlet = ctx.connect(service)
+                val inlet = ctx.listen(channel.receive)
+
+                launch {
+                    val reader = GwfTraceReader(File(args[0]))
+
+                    while (reader.hasNext() && isActive) {
+                        val (time, job) = reader.next()
+                        delay(max(0, time - ctx.clock.millis()))
+                        outlet.send(WorkflowMessage.Submit(job, channel.send))
+                    }
+                }
+
+                var total = 0
+                var finished = 0
+
+                while (isActive) {
+                    when (val msg = inlet.receive()) {
+                        is WorkflowEvent.JobSubmitted -> {
+                            println("Job ${msg.job.uid} submitted")
+                            total += 1
+                        }
+                        is WorkflowEvent.JobStarted -> {
+                            activeJobs += msg.job
+                        }
+                        is WorkflowEvent.JobFinished -> {
+                            activeJobs -= msg.job
+                            finished += 1
+                            println("Jobs $finished/$total finished (${msg.job.tasks.size} tasks)")
+                            if (activeJobs.isEmpty())
+                                return@coroutineScope
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    val model = Model(environment, listOf(broker))
+    val factory = ServiceLoader.load(SimulationEngineProvider::class.java).first()
+    val system = factory({ model(it) }, name = "sim")
+
+    runBlocking {
+        system.run()
+        system.terminate()
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-experiments-tpds/src/main/resources/env/setup-test.json b/opendc/opendc-experiments-tpds/src/main/resources/env/setup-test.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0965b250
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-experiments-tpds/src/main/resources/env/setup-test.json
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+    "name": "Experimental Setup 2",
+    "rooms": [
+        {
+            "type": "SERVER",
+            "objects": [
+                {
+                    "type": "RACK",
+                    "machines": [
+                        { "cpus": [2] }, { "cpus": [2]},
+                        { "cpus": [2] }, { "cpus": [2]},
+                        { "cpus": [2] }, { "cpus": [2]},
+                        { "cpus": [2] }, { "cpus": [2]},
+                        { "cpus": [2] }, { "cpus": [2]},
+                        { "cpus": [2] }, { "cpus": [2]},
+                        { "cpus": [2] }, { "cpus": [2]},
+                        { "cpus": [2] }, { "cpus": [2]}
+                    ]
+                },
+                {
+                    "type": "RACK",
+                    "machines": [
+                        { "cpus": [1] }, { "cpus": [1]},
+                        { "cpus": [1] }, { "cpus": [1]},
+                        { "cpus": [1] }, { "cpus": [1]},
+                        { "cpus": [1] }, { "cpus": [1]},
+                        { "cpus": [1] }, { "cpus": [1]},
+                        { "cpus": [1] }, { "cpus": [1]},
+                        { "cpus": [1] }, { "cpus": [1]},
+                        { "cpus": [1] }, { "cpus": [1]}
+                    ]
+                }
+            ]
+        }
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-format/build.gradle.kts b/opendc/opendc-format/build.gradle.kts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5f9ac1ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-format/build.gradle.kts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+description = "Library for reading common data formats for datacenter simulation"
+
+/* Build configuration */
+plugins {
+    `kotlin-library-convention`
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    api(project(":opendc:opendc-core"))
+    api(project(":opendc:opendc-workflows"))
+    api("com.fasterxml.jackson.module:jackson-module-kotlin:2.9.8")
+    implementation(kotlin("stdlib"))
+    implementation(kotlin("reflect"))
+
+    testImplementation("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:${Library.JUNIT_JUPITER}")
+    testRuntimeOnly("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:${Library.JUNIT_JUPITER}")
+    testImplementation("org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher:${Library.JUNIT_PLATFORM}")
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/environment/EnvironmentReader.kt b/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/environment/EnvironmentReader.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6ca53a05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/environment/EnvironmentReader.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.format.environment
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.Environment
+import java.io.Closeable
+
+/**
+ * An interface for reading descriptions of datacenter environments into memory as [Environment].
+ */
+interface EnvironmentReader : Closeable {
+    /**
+     * Read the description of the datacenter environment as [Environment].
+     */
+    fun read(): Environment
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/environment/sc18/Model.kt b/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/environment/sc18/Model.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7afe9253
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/environment/sc18/Model.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package com.atlarge.opendc.format.environment.sc18
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonSubTypes
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonTypeInfo
+
+/**
+ * A datacenter setup.
+ *
+ * @property name The name of the setup.
+ * @property rooms The rooms in the datacenter.
+ */
+internal data class Setup(val name: String, val rooms: List<Room>)
+
+/**
+ * A room in a datacenter.
+ *
+ * @property type The type of room in the datacenter.
+ * @property objects The objects in the room.
+ */
+internal data class Room(val type: String, val objects: List<RoomObject>)
+
+/**
+ * An object in a [Room].
+ *
+ * @property type The type of the room object.
+ */
+@JsonTypeInfo(use = JsonTypeInfo.Id.NAME, include = JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY, property = "type")
+@JsonSubTypes(value = [JsonSubTypes.Type(name = "RACK", value = RoomObject.Rack::class)])
+internal sealed class RoomObject(val type: String) {
+    /**
+     * A rack in a server room.
+     *
+     * @property machines The machines in the rack.
+     */
+    internal data class Rack(val machines: List<Machine>) : RoomObject("RACK")
+}
+
+/**
+ * A machine in the setup that consists of the specified CPU's represented as
+ * integer identifiers and ethernet speed.
+ *
+ * @property cpus The CPUs in the machine represented as integer identifiers.
+ */
+internal data class Machine(val cpus: List<Int>)
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/environment/sc18/Sc18EnvironmentReader.kt b/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/environment/sc18/Sc18EnvironmentReader.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ad111e74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/environment/sc18/Sc18EnvironmentReader.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.format.environment.sc18
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.Cluster
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.Environment
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.Platform
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.Zone
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.ProcessingElement
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.ProcessingUnit
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.host.Host
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.scheduling.SpaceSharedMachineScheduler
+import com.atlarge.opendc.format.environment.EnvironmentReader
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.module.kotlin.jacksonObjectMapper
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.module.kotlin.readValue
+import java.io.InputStream
+import java.util.UUID
+
+/**
+ * A parser for the JSON experiment setup files used for the SC18 paper: "A Reference Architecture for Datacenter
+ * Schedulers".
+ *
+ * @param input The input stream to read from.
+ * @param mapper The Jackson object mapper to use.
+ */
+class Sc18EnvironmentReader(input: InputStream, mapper: ObjectMapper = jacksonObjectMapper()) : EnvironmentReader {
+    /**
+     * The environment that was read from the file.
+     */
+    private val environment: Environment
+
+    init {
+        val setup = mapper.readValue<Setup>(input)
+        val clusters = setup.rooms.mapIndexed { i, room ->
+            var counter = 0
+            val hosts = room.objects.flatMap { roomObject ->
+                when (roomObject) {
+                    is RoomObject.Rack -> {
+                        roomObject.machines.map { machine ->
+                            val cores = machine.cpus.flatMap { id ->
+                                when (id) {
+                                    1 -> List(4) { ProcessingElement(it, CPUS[0]) }
+                                    2 -> List(2) { ProcessingElement(it, CPUS[1]) }
+                                    else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("The cpu id $id is not recognized")
+                                }
+                            }
+                            Host(UUID.randomUUID(), "node-${counter++}", SpaceSharedMachineScheduler, cores)
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Cluster(UUID.randomUUID(), "cluster-$i", hosts)
+        }
+
+        val platform = Platform(UUID.randomUUID(), "sc18-platform", listOf(
+            Zone(UUID.randomUUID(), "zone", emptySet(), clusters)
+        ))
+
+        environment = Environment(setup.name, null, listOf(platform))
+    }
+
+    override fun read(): Environment = environment
+
+    override fun close() {}
+
+    companion object {
+        val CPUS = arrayOf(
+            ProcessingUnit("Intel", 6, 6920, "Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6920HQ CPU @ 4.10GHz", 4100.0, 1),
+            ProcessingUnit("Intel", 6, 6930, "Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-6920HQ CPU @ 3.50GHz", 3500.0, 1)
+        )
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/trace/TraceEntry.kt b/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/trace/TraceEntry.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d4ad33f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/trace/TraceEntry.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.format.trace
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.Workload
+
+/**
+ * An entry in a workload trace.
+ *
+ * @param T The shape of the workload in this entry.
+ */
+interface TraceEntry<T : Workload> {
+    /**
+     * The time of submission of the workload.
+     */
+    val submissionTime: Long
+
+    /**
+     * The workload in this trace entry.
+     */
+    val workload: T
+
+    /**
+     * Extract the submission time from this entry.
+     */
+    operator fun component1() = submissionTime
+
+    /**
+     * Extract the workload from this entry.
+     */
+    operator fun component2() = workload
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/trace/TraceReader.kt b/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/trace/TraceReader.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6d29cdb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/trace/TraceReader.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.format.trace
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.Workload
+import java.io.Closeable
+
+/**
+ * An interface for reading [Workload]s into memory.
+ *
+ * This interface must guarantee that the entries are delivered in order of submission time.
+ *
+ * @param T The shape of the workloads supported by this reader.
+ */
+interface TraceReader<T : Workload> : Iterator<TraceEntry<T>>, Closeable
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/trace/TraceWriter.kt b/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/trace/TraceWriter.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..94ee6f31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/trace/TraceWriter.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.format.trace
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.Workload
+import java.io.Closeable
+
+/**
+ * An interface for persisting workload traces (e.g. to disk).
+ *
+ * @param T The type of [Workload] supported by this writer.
+ */
+interface TraceWriter<T : Workload> : Closeable {
+    /**
+     * Write an entry to the trace.
+     *
+     * Entries must be written in order of submission time. Failing to do so results in a [IllegalArgumentException].
+     *
+     * @param submissionTime The time of submission of the workload.
+     * @param workload The workload to write to the trace.
+     */
+    fun write(submissionTime: Long, workload: T)
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/trace/gwf/GwfTraceReader.kt b/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/trace/gwf/GwfTraceReader.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..407a5f4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-format/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/format/trace/gwf/GwfTraceReader.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.format.trace.gwf
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.User
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.FlopsApplication
+import com.atlarge.opendc.format.trace.TraceEntry
+import com.atlarge.opendc.format.trace.TraceReader
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.workload.Job
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.workload.Task
+import java.io.BufferedReader
+import java.io.File
+import java.io.InputStream
+import java.util.UUID
+import kotlin.math.max
+import kotlin.math.min
+
+/**
+ * A [TraceReader] for the Grid Workload Format. See the Grid Workloads Archive (http://gwa.ewi.tudelft.nl/) for more
+ * information about the format.
+ *
+ * Be aware that in the Grid Workload Format, workflows are not required to be ordered by submission time and therefore
+ * this reader needs to read the whole trace into memory before an entry can be read. Consider converting the trace to a
+ * different format for better performance.
+ *
+ * @param reader The buffered reader to read the trace with.
+ */
+class GwfTraceReader(reader: BufferedReader) : TraceReader<Job> {
+    /**
+     * The internal iterator to use for this reader.
+     */
+    private val iterator: Iterator<TraceEntry<Job>>
+
+    /**
+     * Create a [GwfTraceReader] instance from the specified [File].
+     *
+     * @param file The file to read from.
+     */
+    constructor(file: File) : this(file.bufferedReader())
+
+    /**
+     * Create a [GwfTraceReader] instance from the specified [InputStream].
+     *
+     * @param input The input stream to read from.
+     */
+    constructor(input: InputStream) : this(input.bufferedReader())
+
+    /**
+     * Initialize the reader.
+     */
+    init {
+        val entries = mutableMapOf<Long, TraceEntryImpl>()
+        val tasks = mutableMapOf<Long, Task>()
+        val taskDependencies = mutableMapOf<Task, List<Long>>()
+
+        var workflowIdCol = 0
+        var taskIdCol = 0
+        var submitTimeCol = 0
+        var runtimeCol = 0
+        var coreCol = 0
+        var dependencyCol = 0
+
+        try {
+            reader.lineSequence()
+                .filter { line ->
+                    // Ignore comments in the trace
+                    !line.startsWith("#") && line.isNotBlank()
+                }
+                .forEachIndexed { idx, line ->
+                    val values = line.split(",")
+
+                    // Parse GWF header
+                    if (idx == 0) {
+                        val header = values.mapIndexed { col, name -> Pair(name.trim(), col) }.toMap()
+                        workflowIdCol = header["WorkflowID"]!!
+                        taskIdCol = header["JobID"]!!
+                        submitTimeCol = header["SubmitTime"]!!
+                        runtimeCol = header["RunTime"]!!
+                        coreCol = header["NProcs"]!!
+                        dependencyCol = header["Dependencies"]!!
+                        return@forEachIndexed
+                    }
+
+                    val workflowId = values[workflowIdCol].trim().toLong()
+                    val taskId = values[taskIdCol].trim().toLong()
+                    val submitTime = values[submitTimeCol].trim().toLong()
+                    val runtime = max(0, values[runtimeCol].trim().toLong())
+                    val cores = values[coreCol].trim().toInt()
+                    val dependencies = values[dependencyCol].split(" ")
+                        .filter { it.isNotEmpty() }
+                        .map { it.trim().toLong() }
+
+                    val flops: Long = 4000 * runtime * cores
+
+                    val entry = entries.getOrPut(workflowId) {
+                        TraceEntryImpl(submitTime, Job(UUID(0L, taskId), "<unnamed>", UnnamedUser, HashSet()))
+                    }
+                    val workflow = entry.workload
+                    val task = Task(
+                        UUID(0L, taskId), "<unnamed>",
+                        FlopsApplication(UUID(0L, taskId), "<unnamed>", workflow.owner, cores, flops),
+                        HashSet()
+                    )
+                    entry.submissionTime = min(entry.submissionTime, submitTime)
+                    (workflow.tasks as MutableSet<Task>).add(task)
+                    tasks[taskId] = task
+                    taskDependencies[task] = dependencies
+                }
+        } finally {
+            reader.close()
+        }
+
+        // Fix dependencies and dependents for all tasks
+        taskDependencies.forEach { (task, dependencies) ->
+            (task.dependencies as MutableSet<Task>).addAll(dependencies.map { taskId ->
+                tasks[taskId] ?: throw IllegalArgumentException("Dependency task with id $taskId not found")
+            })
+        }
+
+        // Create the entry iterator
+        iterator = entries.values.sortedBy { it.submissionTime }.iterator()
+    }
+
+    override fun hasNext(): Boolean = iterator.hasNext()
+
+    override fun next(): TraceEntry<Job> = iterator.next()
+
+    override fun close() {}
+
+    /**
+     * An unnamed user.
+     */
+    private object UnnamedUser : User {
+        override val name: String = "<unnamed>"
+        override val uid: UUID = UUID.randomUUID()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * An entry in the trace.
+     */
+    private data class TraceEntryImpl(
+        override var submissionTime: Long,
+        override val workload: Job
+    ) : TraceEntry<Job>
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/build.gradle.kts b/opendc/opendc-workflows/build.gradle.kts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6aa044e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/build.gradle.kts
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+description = "Workflow service for OpenDC"
+
+/* Build configuration */
+plugins {
+    `kotlin-library-convention`
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    api(project(":opendc:opendc-core"))
+    implementation(kotlin("stdlib"))
+
+    testImplementation("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:${Library.JUNIT_JUPITER}")
+    testRuntimeOnly("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:${Library.JUNIT_JUPITER}")
+    testImplementation("org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher:${Library.JUNIT_PLATFORM}")
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/StageWorkflowScheduler.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/StageWorkflowScheduler.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d4240421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/StageWorkflowScheduler.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.provisioning.ProvisioningResponse
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.job.JobAdmissionPolicy
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.job.JobSortingPolicy
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.resource.ResourceDynamicFilterPolicy
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.resource.ResourceSelectionPolicy
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.task.TaskEligibilityPolicy
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.task.TaskSortingPolicy
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
+
+/**
+ * A [WorkflowScheduler] that distributes work through a multi-stage process based on the Reference Architecture for
+ * Datacenter Scheduling.
+ */
+class StageWorkflowScheduler(
+    private val mode: WorkflowSchedulerMode,
+    private val jobAdmissionPolicy: JobAdmissionPolicy,
+    private val jobSortingPolicy: JobSortingPolicy,
+    private val taskEligibilityPolicy: TaskEligibilityPolicy,
+    private val taskSortingPolicy: TaskSortingPolicy,
+    private val resourceDynamicFilterPolicy: ResourceDynamicFilterPolicy,
+    private val resourceSelectionPolicy: ResourceSelectionPolicy
+) : WorkflowScheduler {
+    override fun invoke(
+        ctx: ProcessContext,
+        self: WorkflowServiceRef,
+        coroutineScope: CoroutineScope,
+        lease: ProvisioningResponse.Lease
+    ): WorkflowSchedulerLogic {
+        return StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic(ctx, self, coroutineScope, lease, mode, jobAdmissionPolicy,
+            jobSortingPolicy, taskEligibilityPolicy, taskSortingPolicy, resourceDynamicFilterPolicy, resourceSelectionPolicy)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c6162f5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendPort
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.sendOnce
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineEvent
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineMessage
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.scheduling.ProcessObserver
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.scheduling.ProcessState
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.provisioning.ProvisioningResponse
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.resources.HostView
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.Application
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.Pid
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.job.JobAdmissionPolicy
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.job.JobSortingPolicy
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.resource.ResourceDynamicFilterPolicy
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.resource.ResourceSelectionPolicy
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.task.TaskEligibilityPolicy
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.task.TaskSortingPolicy
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.workload.Job
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.workload.Task
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
+import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
+
+/**
+ * Logic of the [StageWorkflowScheduler].
+ */
+class StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic(
+    ctx: ProcessContext,
+    self: WorkflowServiceRef,
+    coroutineScope: CoroutineScope,
+    lease: ProvisioningResponse.Lease,
+    private val mode: WorkflowSchedulerMode,
+    private val jobAdmissionPolicy: JobAdmissionPolicy,
+    private val jobSortingPolicy: JobSortingPolicy,
+    private val taskEligibilityPolicy: TaskEligibilityPolicy,
+    private val taskSortingPolicy: TaskSortingPolicy,
+    private val resourceDynamicFilterPolicy: ResourceDynamicFilterPolicy,
+    private val resourceSelectionPolicy: ResourceSelectionPolicy
+) : WorkflowSchedulerLogic(ctx, self, coroutineScope, lease) {
+
+    /**
+     * The incoming jobs ready to be processed by the scheduler.
+     */
+    internal val incomingJobs: MutableSet<JobView> = mutableSetOf()
+
+    /**
+     * The active jobs in the system.
+     */
+    internal val activeJobs: MutableSet<JobView> = mutableSetOf()
+
+    /**
+     * The running tasks by [Pid].
+     */
+    internal val taskByPid = mutableMapOf<Pid, TaskView>()
+
+    /**
+     * The available processor cores on the leased machines.
+     */
+    internal val machineCores: MutableMap<HostView, Int> = HashMap()
+
+    private val brokers: MutableMap<SendRef<WorkflowEvent>, SendPort<WorkflowEvent>> = HashMap()
+    private val channel = ctx.open<MachineEvent>()
+
+    init {
+        lease.hosts.forEach { machineCores[it] = it.host.cores.count() }
+        coroutineScope.launch {
+            ProcessObserver(ctx, this@StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic, channel.receive)
+        }
+    }
+
+    override suspend fun submit(job: Job, handler: SendRef<WorkflowEvent>) {
+        val broker = brokers.getOrPut(handler) { ctx.connect(handler) }
+
+        // J1 Incoming Jobs
+        val jobInstance = JobView(job, handler)
+        val instances = job.tasks.associateWith {
+            TaskView(jobInstance, it)
+        }
+
+        for ((task, instance) in instances) {
+            instance.dependencies.addAll(task.dependencies.map { instances[it]!! })
+            task.dependencies.forEach {
+                instances[it]!!.dependents.add(instance)
+            }
+
+            // If the task has no dependency, it is a root task and can immediately be evaluated
+            if (instance.isRoot) {
+                instance.state = ProcessState.READY
+            }
+        }
+
+        jobInstance.tasks = instances.values.toMutableSet()
+        incomingJobs += jobInstance
+        broker.send(WorkflowEvent.JobSubmitted(self, job, ctx.clock.millis()))
+        requestCycle()
+    }
+
+    private var next: kotlinx.coroutines.Job? = null
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate to the scheduler that a scheduling cycle is needed.
+     */
+    private fun requestCycle() {
+        when (mode) {
+            is WorkflowSchedulerMode.Interactive -> {
+                coroutineScope.launch {
+                    schedule()
+                }
+            }
+            is WorkflowSchedulerMode.Batch -> {
+                if (next == null) {
+                    val job = coroutineScope.launch {
+                        delay(mode.quantum)
+                        schedule()
+                    }
+                    next = job
+                    job.invokeOnCompletion {
+                        next = null
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Perform a scheduling cycle immediately.
+     */
+    override suspend fun schedule() {
+        // J2 Create list of eligible jobs
+        jobAdmissionPolicy.startCycle(this)
+        val eligibleJobs = incomingJobs.filter { jobAdmissionPolicy.shouldAdmit(this, it) }
+        for (jobInstance in eligibleJobs) {
+            incomingJobs -= jobInstance
+            activeJobs += jobInstance
+            brokers.getValue(jobInstance.broker).send(WorkflowEvent.JobStarted(self, jobInstance.job, ctx.clock.millis()))
+        }
+
+        // J3 Sort jobs on criterion
+        val sortedJobs = jobSortingPolicy(this, activeJobs)
+
+        // J4 Per job
+        for (jobInstance in sortedJobs) {
+            // T1 Create list of eligible tasks
+            taskEligibilityPolicy.startCycle(this)
+            val eligibleTasks = jobInstance.tasks.filter { taskEligibilityPolicy.isEligible(this, it) }
+
+            // T2 Sort tasks on criterion
+            val sortedTasks = taskSortingPolicy(this, eligibleTasks)
+
+            // T3 Per task
+            for (instance in sortedTasks) {
+                val hosts = resourceDynamicFilterPolicy(this, lease.hosts, instance)
+                val host = resourceSelectionPolicy.select(this, hosts, instance)
+
+                if (host != null) {
+                    // T4 Submit task to machine
+                    host.ref.sendOnce(MachineMessage.Submit(instance.task.application, instance, channel.send))
+                    instance.host = host
+                    instance.state = ProcessState.RUNNING // Assume the application starts running
+                    machineCores.merge(host, instance.task.application.cores, Int::minus)
+                } else {
+                    return
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    override fun onSubmission(instance: MachineRef, application: Application, key: Any, pid: Pid) {
+        val task = key as TaskView
+        task.pid = pid
+        taskByPid[pid] = task
+
+        brokers.getValue(task.job.broker).send(WorkflowEvent.TaskStarted(self, task.job.job, task.task, ctx.clock.millis()))
+    }
+
+    override fun onTermination(instance: MachineRef, pid: Pid, status: Int) {
+        val task = taskByPid.remove(pid) ?: throw IllegalStateException()
+
+        val job = task.job
+        task.state = ProcessState.TERMINATED
+        job.tasks.remove(task)
+        machineCores.merge(task.host!!, task.task.application.cores, Int::plus)
+        brokers.getValue(job.broker).send(WorkflowEvent.TaskFinished(self, job.job, task.task, status, ctx.clock.millis()))
+
+        if (job.isFinished) {
+            activeJobs -= job
+            brokers.getValue(job.broker).send(WorkflowEvent.JobFinished(self, job.job, ctx.clock.millis()))
+        }
+
+        requestCycle()
+    }
+
+    class JobView(val job: Job, val broker: SendRef<WorkflowEvent>) {
+        /**
+         * A flag to indicate whether this job is finished.
+         */
+        val isFinished: Boolean
+            get() = tasks.isEmpty()
+
+        lateinit var tasks: MutableSet<TaskView>
+    }
+
+    class TaskView(val job: JobView, val task: Task) {
+        /**
+         * The dependencies of this task.
+         */
+        val dependencies = HashSet<TaskView>()
+
+        /**
+         * The dependents of this task.
+         */
+        val dependents = HashSet<TaskView>()
+
+        /**
+         * A flag to indicate whether this workflow task instance is a workflow root.
+         */
+        val isRoot: Boolean
+            get() = dependencies.isEmpty()
+
+        var state: ProcessState = ProcessState.CREATED
+            set(value) {
+                field = value
+
+                // Mark the process as terminated in the graph
+                if (value == ProcessState.TERMINATED) {
+                    markTerminated()
+                }
+            }
+
+        var pid: Pid? = null
+
+        var host: HostView? = null
+
+        /**
+         * Mark the specified [TaskView] as terminated.
+         */
+        private fun markTerminated() {
+            for (dependent in dependents) {
+                dependent.dependencies.remove(this)
+
+                if (dependent.isRoot) {
+                    dependent.state = ProcessState.READY
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/WorkflowScheduler.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/WorkflowScheduler.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6d6d4179
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/WorkflowScheduler.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.provisioning.ProvisioningResponse
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
+
+/**
+ * A factory interface for constructing a [WorkflowSchedulerLogic].
+ */
+interface WorkflowScheduler {
+    /**
+     * Construct a [WorkflowSchedulerLogic] in the given [ActorContext].
+     *
+     * @param ctx The context in which the scheduler runs.
+     * @param timers The timer scheduler to use.
+     * @param lease The resource lease to use.
+     */
+    operator fun invoke(
+        ctx: ProcessContext,
+        self: WorkflowServiceRef,
+        coroutineScope: CoroutineScope,
+        lease: ProvisioningResponse.Lease
+    ): WorkflowSchedulerLogic
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/WorkflowSchedulerLogic.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/WorkflowSchedulerLogic.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0b3ba828
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/WorkflowSchedulerLogic.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.scheduling.ProcessObserver
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.provisioning.ProvisioningResponse
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.workload.Job
+import kotlinx.coroutines.CoroutineScope
+
+/**
+ * A workflow scheduler interface that schedules jobs across machines.
+ *
+ * @property ctx The context in which the scheduler runs.
+ * @property timers The timer scheduler to use.
+ * @property lease The resource lease to use.
+ */
+abstract class WorkflowSchedulerLogic(
+    protected val ctx: ProcessContext,
+    protected val self: WorkflowServiceRef,
+    protected val coroutineScope: CoroutineScope,
+    protected val lease: ProvisioningResponse.Lease
+) : ProcessObserver {
+    /**
+     * Submit the specified workflow for scheduling.
+     */
+    abstract suspend fun submit(job: Job, handler: SendRef<WorkflowEvent>)
+
+    /**
+     * Trigger an immediate scheduling cycle.
+     */
+    abstract suspend fun schedule()
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/WorkflowSchedulerMode.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/WorkflowSchedulerMode.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f5060c5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/WorkflowSchedulerMode.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service
+
+/**
+ * The operating mode of a workflow scheduler.
+ */
+sealed class WorkflowSchedulerMode {
+    /**
+     * An interactive scheduler immediately triggers a new scheduling cycle when a workflow is received.
+     */
+    object Interactive : WorkflowSchedulerMode()
+
+    /**
+     * A batch scheduler triggers a scheduling cycle every time quantum if needed.
+     */
+    data class Batch(val quantum: Long) : WorkflowSchedulerMode()
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/WorkflowService.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/WorkflowService.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bed6b93b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/WorkflowService.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service
+
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.Channel
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ProcessContext
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.SendRef
+import com.atlarge.odcsim.ask
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.Zone
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.ZoneMessage
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.find
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.MachineEvent
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.AbstractService
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.Service
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.ServiceProvider
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.provisioning.ProvisioningMessage
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.provisioning.ProvisioningResponse
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.provisioning.ProvisioningService
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.workload.Job
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.workload.Task
+import java.util.UUID
+import kotlinx.coroutines.coroutineScope
+import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
+import kotlinx.coroutines.isActive
+
+/**
+ * A service for cloud workflow management.
+ *
+ * The workflow scheduler is modelled after the Reference Architecture for Datacenter Scheduling by Andreadis et al.
+ */
+class WorkflowService(val scheduler: WorkflowScheduler) : ServiceProvider {
+    override val uid: UUID = UUID.randomUUID()
+    override val name: String = "workflows"
+    override val provides: Set<Service<*>> = setOf(WorkflowService)
+    override val dependencies: Set<Service<*>> = setOf(ProvisioningService)
+
+    /**
+     * Build the runtime [Behavior] for the workflow service, responding to messages of shape [WorkflowMessage].
+     */
+    override suspend fun invoke(ctx: ProcessContext, zone: Zone, zoneRef: SendRef<ZoneMessage>, main: Channel<Any>) {
+        coroutineScope {
+            val inlet = ctx.listen(main.receive)
+            val provisioner = zoneRef.find(ProvisioningService)
+            // Wait for 0.1 sec before asking the provisioner to allow it to initialize. Will return empty response if asked
+            // immediately.
+            delay(10)
+            val lease: ProvisioningResponse.Lease = provisioner.ask { ProvisioningMessage.Request(Int.MAX_VALUE, it) }
+            val schedulerLogic = scheduler(ctx, main.send, this, lease)
+
+            while (isActive) {
+                when (val msg = inlet.receive()) {
+                    is WorkflowMessage.Submit -> {
+                        schedulerLogic.submit(msg.job, msg.broker)
+                    }
+                    is MachineEvent.Submitted -> {
+                        schedulerLogic.onSubmission(msg.instance, msg.application, msg.key, msg.pid)
+                    }
+                    is MachineEvent.Terminated -> {
+                        schedulerLogic.onTermination(msg.instance, msg.pid, msg.status)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    companion object : AbstractService<WorkflowMessage>(UUID.randomUUID(), "workflows")
+}
+
+/**
+ * A reference to the workflow service instance.
+ */
+typealias WorkflowServiceRef = SendRef<WorkflowMessage>
+
+/**
+ * A message protocol for communicating to the workflow service.
+ */
+sealed class WorkflowMessage {
+    /**
+     * Submit the specified [Job] to the workflow service for scheduling.
+     *
+     * @property job The workflow to submit for scheduling.
+     * @property broker The broker that has submitted this workflow on behalf of a user and that needs to be kept
+     * up-to-date.
+     */
+    data class Submit(val job: Job, val broker: SendRef<WorkflowEvent>) : WorkflowMessage()
+}
+
+/**
+ * A message protocol used by the workflow service to respond to [WorkflowMessage]s.
+ */
+sealed class WorkflowEvent {
+    /**
+     * Indicate that the specified [Job] was submitted to the workflow service.
+     *
+     * @property service The reference to the service the job was submitted to.
+     * @property job The job that has been submitted.
+     * @property time A timestamp of the moment the job was received.
+     */
+    data class JobSubmitted(
+        val service: WorkflowServiceRef,
+        val job: Job,
+        val time: Long
+    ) : WorkflowEvent()
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate that the specified [Job] has become active.
+     *
+     * @property service The reference to the service the job was submitted to.
+     * @property job The job that has been submitted.
+     * @property time A timestamp of the moment the job started.
+     */
+    data class JobStarted(
+        val service: WorkflowServiceRef,
+        val job: Job,
+        val time: Long
+    ) : WorkflowEvent()
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate that the specified [Task] has started processing.
+     *
+     * @property service The reference to the service the job was submitted to.
+     * @property job The job that contains this task.
+     * @property task The task that has started processing.
+     * @property time A timestamp of the moment the task started.
+     */
+    data class TaskStarted(
+        val service: WorkflowServiceRef,
+        val job: Job,
+        val task: Task,
+        val time: Long
+    ) : WorkflowEvent()
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate that the specified [Task] has started processing.
+     *
+     * @property service The reference to the service the job was submitted to.
+     * @property job The job that contains this task.
+     * @property task The task that has started processing.
+     * @property status The exit code of the task, where zero means successful.
+     * @property time A timestamp of the moment the task finished.
+     */
+    data class TaskFinished(
+        val service: WorkflowServiceRef,
+        val job: Job,
+        val task: Task,
+        val status: Int,
+        val time: Long
+    ) : WorkflowEvent()
+
+    /**
+     * Indicate that the specified [Job] has finished processing.
+     *
+     * @property service The reference to the service the job was submitted to.
+     * @property job The job that has finished processing.
+     * @property time A timestamp of the moment the task finished.
+     */
+    data class JobFinished(
+        val service: WorkflowServiceRef,
+        val job: Job,
+        val time: Long
+    ) : WorkflowEvent()
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/job/FifoJobSortingPolicy.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/job/FifoJobSortingPolicy.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..333ed35a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/job/FifoJobSortingPolicy.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.job
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic
+
+/**
+ * The [FifoJobSortingPolicy] sorts tasks based on the order of arrival in the queue.
+ */
+class FifoJobSortingPolicy : JobSortingPolicy {
+    override fun invoke(
+        scheduler: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic,
+        jobs: Collection<StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.JobView>
+    ): List<StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.JobView> = jobs.toList()
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/job/JobAdmissionPolicy.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/job/JobAdmissionPolicy.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d3a5d9a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/job/JobAdmissionPolicy.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.job
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic
+
+/**
+ * A policy interface for admitting [StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.JobView]s to a scheduling cycle.
+ */
+interface JobAdmissionPolicy {
+    /**
+     * A method that is invoked at the start of each scheduling cycle.
+     *
+     * @param scheduler The scheduler that started the cycle.
+     */
+    fun startCycle(scheduler: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic) {}
+
+    /**
+     * Determine whether the specified [StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.JobView] should be admitted to the scheduling cycle.
+     *
+     * @param scheduler The scheduler that should admit or reject the job.
+     * @param job The workflow that has been submitted.
+     * @return `true` if the workflow may be admitted to the scheduling cycle, `false` otherwise.
+     */
+    fun shouldAdmit(scheduler: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic, job: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.JobView): Boolean
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/job/JobSortingPolicy.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/job/JobSortingPolicy.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ada3e693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/job/JobSortingPolicy.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.job
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic
+
+/**
+ * A policy interface for ordering admitted workflows in the scheduling queue.
+ */
+interface JobSortingPolicy {
+    /**
+     * Sort the given collection of jobs on a given criterion.
+     *
+     * @param scheduler The scheduler that started the cycle.
+     * @param jobs The collection of tasks that should be sorted.
+     * @return The sorted list of jobs.
+     */
+    operator fun invoke(
+        scheduler: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic,
+        jobs: Collection<StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.JobView>
+    ): List<StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.JobView>
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/job/NullJobAdmissionPolicy.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/job/NullJobAdmissionPolicy.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f877403b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/job/NullJobAdmissionPolicy.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.job
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic
+
+/**
+ * A [JobAdmissionPolicy] that admits all jobs.
+ */
+object NullJobAdmissionPolicy : JobAdmissionPolicy {
+    /**
+     * Admit every submitted job.
+     */
+    override fun shouldAdmit(
+        scheduler: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic,
+        job: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.JobView
+    ): Boolean = true
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/job/RandomJobSortingPolicy.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/job/RandomJobSortingPolicy.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..30d5c456
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/job/RandomJobSortingPolicy.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.job
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic
+import kotlin.random.Random
+
+/**
+ * The [RandomJobSortingPolicy] sorts tasks randomly.
+ *
+ * @property random The [Random] instance to use when sorting the list of tasks.
+ */
+class RandomJobSortingPolicy(private val random: Random = Random.Default) : JobSortingPolicy {
+    override fun invoke(
+        scheduler: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic,
+        jobs: Collection<StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.JobView>
+    ): List<StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.JobView> = jobs.shuffled(random)
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/resource/FirstFitResourceSelectionPolicy.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/resource/FirstFitResourceSelectionPolicy.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c3307063
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/resource/FirstFitResourceSelectionPolicy.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.resource
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.resources.HostView
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic
+
+/**
+ * A [ResourceSelectionPolicy] that selects the first machine that is available.
+ */
+class FirstFitResourceSelectionPolicy : ResourceSelectionPolicy {
+    override fun select(
+        scheduler: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic,
+        machines: List<HostView>,
+        task: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.TaskView
+    ): HostView? =
+        machines.firstOrNull()
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/resource/FunctionalResourceDynamicFilterPolicy.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/resource/FunctionalResourceDynamicFilterPolicy.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d742f842
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/resource/FunctionalResourceDynamicFilterPolicy.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.resource
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.resources.HostView
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic
+
+/**
+ * A [ResourceDynamicFilterPolicy] based on the amount of cores available on the machine and the cores required for
+ * the task.
+ */
+class FunctionalResourceDynamicFilterPolicy : ResourceDynamicFilterPolicy {
+    override fun invoke(
+        scheduler: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic,
+        machines: List<HostView>,
+        task: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.TaskView
+    ): List<HostView> {
+        return machines
+            .filter { scheduler.machineCores[it] ?: 0 >= task.task.application.cores }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/resource/ResourceDynamicFilterPolicy.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/resource/ResourceDynamicFilterPolicy.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8a3b5a1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/resource/ResourceDynamicFilterPolicy.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.resource
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.resources.HostView
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic
+
+/**
+ * This interface represents the **R4** stage of the Reference Architecture for Schedulers and acts as a filter yielding
+ * a list of resources with sufficient resource-capacities, based on fixed or dynamic requirements, and on predicted or
+ * monitored information about processing unit availability, memory occupancy, etc.
+ */
+interface ResourceDynamicFilterPolicy {
+    /**
+     * Filter the list of machines based on dynamic information.
+     *
+     * @param scheduler The scheduler to filter the machines.
+     * @param machines The list of machines in the system.
+     * @param task The task that is to be scheduled.
+     * @return The machines on which the task can be scheduled.
+     */
+    operator fun invoke(
+        scheduler: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic,
+        machines: List<HostView>,
+        task: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.TaskView
+    ): List<HostView>
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/resource/ResourceSelectionPolicy.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/resource/ResourceSelectionPolicy.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..90b2873c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/resource/ResourceSelectionPolicy.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.resource
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.services.resources.HostView
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic
+
+/**
+ * This interface represents the **R5** stage of the Reference Architecture for Schedulers and matches the the selected
+ * task with a (set of) resource(s), using policies such as First-Fit, Worst-Fit, and Best-Fit.
+ */
+interface ResourceSelectionPolicy {
+    /**
+     * Select a machine on which the task should be scheduled.
+     *
+     * @param scheduler The scheduler to select the machine.
+     * @param machines The list of machines in the system.
+     * @param task The task that is to be scheduled.
+     * @return The selected machine or `null` if no machine could be found.
+     */
+    fun select(
+        scheduler: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic,
+        machines: List<HostView>,
+        task: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.TaskView
+    ): HostView?
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/task/FifoTaskSortingPolicy.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/task/FifoTaskSortingPolicy.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..48a1a50d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/task/FifoTaskSortingPolicy.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.task
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic
+
+/**
+ * The [FifoTaskSortingPolicy] sorts tasks based on the order of arrival in the queue.
+ */
+class FifoTaskSortingPolicy : TaskSortingPolicy {
+    override fun invoke(
+        scheduler: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic,
+        tasks: Collection<StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.TaskView>
+    ): List<StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.TaskView> = tasks.toList()
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/task/FunctionalTaskEligibilityPolicy.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/task/FunctionalTaskEligibilityPolicy.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1672633e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/task/FunctionalTaskEligibilityPolicy.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.task
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.resources.compute.scheduling.ProcessState
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic
+
+/**
+ * A [TaskEligibilityPolicy] that marks tasks as eligible if they are tasks roots within the job.
+ */
+class FunctionalTaskEligibilityPolicy : TaskEligibilityPolicy {
+    override fun isEligible(
+        scheduler: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic,
+        task: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.TaskView
+    ): Boolean = task.state == ProcessState.READY
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/task/RandomTaskSortingPolicy.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/task/RandomTaskSortingPolicy.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..36ef3a50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/task/RandomTaskSortingPolicy.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.task
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic
+import kotlin.random.Random
+
+/**
+ * The [RandomTaskSortingPolicy] sorts tasks randomly.
+ *
+ * @property random The [Random] instance to use when sorting the list of tasks.
+ */
+class RandomTaskSortingPolicy(private val random: Random = Random.Default) : TaskSortingPolicy {
+    override fun invoke(
+        scheduler: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic,
+        tasks: Collection<StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.TaskView>
+    ): List<StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.TaskView> = tasks.shuffled(random)
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/task/TaskEligibilityPolicy.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/task/TaskEligibilityPolicy.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..19f0240b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/task/TaskEligibilityPolicy.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.task
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic
+
+/**
+ * A policy interface for determining the eligibility of tasks in a scheduling cycle.
+ */
+interface TaskEligibilityPolicy {
+    /**
+     * A method that is invoked at the start of each scheduling cycle.
+     *
+     * @param scheduler The scheduler that started the cycle.
+     */
+    fun startCycle(scheduler: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic) {}
+
+    /**
+     * Determine whether the specified [StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.TaskView] is eligible to be scheduled.
+     *
+     * @param scheduler The scheduler that is determining whether the task is eligible.
+     * @param task The task instance to schedule.
+     * @return `true` if the task eligible to be scheduled, `false` otherwise.
+     */
+    fun isEligible(scheduler: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic, task: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.TaskView): Boolean
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/task/TaskSortingPolicy.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/task/TaskSortingPolicy.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6a65ed69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/service/stage/task/TaskSortingPolicy.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.stage.task
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.service.StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic
+
+/**
+ * This interface represents the **T2** stage of the Reference Architecture for Datacenter Schedulers and provides the
+ * scheduler with a sorted list of tasks to schedule.
+ */
+interface TaskSortingPolicy {
+    /**
+     * Sort the given list of tasks on a given criterion.
+     *
+     * @param scheduler The scheduler that is sorting the tasks.
+     * @param tasks The collection of tasks that should be sorted.
+     * @return The sorted list of tasks.
+     */
+    operator fun invoke(
+        scheduler: StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic,
+        tasks: Collection<StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.TaskView>
+    ): List<StageWorkflowSchedulerLogic.TaskView>
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/workload/Job.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/workload/Job.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dece875c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/workload/Job.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.workload
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.User
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.Workload
+import java.util.UUID
+
+/**
+ * A workload that represents a directed acyclic graph (DAG) of tasks with control and data dependencies between tasks.
+ *
+ * @property uid A unique identified of this workflow.
+ * @property name The name of this workflow.
+ * @property owner The owner of the workflow.
+ * @property tasks The tasks that are part of this workflow.
+ */
+data class Job(
+    override val uid: UUID,
+    override val name: String,
+    override val owner: User,
+    val tasks: Set<Task>
+) : Workload {
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean = other is Job && uid == other.uid
+
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = uid.hashCode()
+}
diff --git a/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/workload/Task.kt b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/workload/Task.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..25fe7348
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc/opendc-workflows/src/main/kotlin/com/atlarge/opendc/workflows/workload/Task.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 atlarge-research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package com.atlarge.opendc.workflows.workload
+
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.Identity
+import com.atlarge.opendc.core.workload.application.Application
+import java.util.UUID
+
+/**
+ * A stage of a [Job].
+ *
+ * @property uid A unique identified of this task.
+ * @property name The name of this task.
+ * @property application The application to run as part of this workflow task.
+ * @property dependencies The dependencies of this task in order for it to execute.
+ */
+data class Task(
+    override val uid: UUID,
+    override val name: String,
+    val application: Application,
+    val dependencies: Set<Task>
+) : Identity {
+    override fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean = other is Task && uid == other.uid
+
+    override fun hashCode(): Int = uid.hashCode()
+}