simulator: Add energy modelling subsystem to OpenDC

This pull request adds a subsystem to OpenDC for modelling power components in datacenters, 
such as UPSes, PDUs and PSUs. 
These components also take into account electrical losses that occur in real-world scenarios.

- Add module for datacenter power components (UPS, PDU)
- Integrate power subsystem with compute subsystem (PSU)
- Model power loss in power components

**Breaking API Changes**

1. `SimBareMetalMachine.powerDraw` is replaced by `SimBareMetalMachine.psu.powerDraw`

19 files changed, 1035 insertions, 23 deletions

diff --git a/opendc-compute/opendc-compute-simulator/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/compute/simulator/SimHost.kt b/opendc-compute/opendc-compute-simulator/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/compute/simulator/SimHost.kt
index d36717af..540e27fe 100644
--- a/opendc-compute/opendc-compute-simulator/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/compute/simulator/SimHost.kt
+++ b/opendc-compute/opendc-compute-simulator/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/compute/simulator/SimHost.kt
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ public class SimHost(
                 _batch.put(_cpuWorkInterference, interferedWork.toDouble())
                 _batch.put(_cpuUsage, cpuUsage)
                 _batch.put(_cpuDemand, cpuDemand)
-                _batch.put(_cpuPower, machine.powerDraw)
+                _batch.put(_cpuPower, machine.psu.powerDraw)
                 _batch.record()
             }
         }
diff --git a/opendc-experiments/opendc-experiments-tf20/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/experiments/tf20/core/SimTFDevice.kt b/opendc-experiments/opendc-experiments-tf20/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/experiments/tf20/core/SimTFDevice.kt
index 001547ef..92e7080a 100644
--- a/opendc-experiments/opendc-experiments-tf20/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/experiments/tf20/core/SimTFDevice.kt
+++ b/opendc-experiments/opendc-experiments-tf20/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/experiments/tf20/core/SimTFDevice.kt
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ public class SimTFDevice(
                 }
                 SimResourceEvent.Run -> {
                     _usage.record(ctx.speed)
-                    _power.record(machine.powerDraw)
+                    _power.record(machine.psu.powerDraw)
                 }
                 else -> {}
             }
diff --git a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/build.gradle.kts b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/build.gradle.kts
index 4eb0be33..41cdd40c 100644
--- a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/build.gradle.kts
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ plugins {
 dependencies {
     api(platform(projects.opendcPlatform))
     api(projects.opendcSimulator.opendcSimulatorResources)
+    api(projects.opendcSimulator.opendcSimulatorPower)
     implementation(projects.opendcSimulator.opendcSimulatorCore)
     implementation(projects.opendcUtils)
     implementation(libs.yaml)
diff --git a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/SimBareMetalMachine.kt b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/SimBareMetalMachine.kt
index 642873fd..7f416010 100644
--- a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/SimBareMetalMachine.kt
+++ b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/SimBareMetalMachine.kt
@@ -31,38 +31,35 @@ import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceInterpreter
  * A simulated bare-metal machine that is able to run a single workload.
  *
  * A [SimBareMetalMachine] is a stateful object and you should be careful when operating this object concurrently. For
- * example. The class expects only a single concurrent call to [run].
+ * example, the class expects only a single concurrent call to [run].
  *
  * @param interpreter The [SimResourceInterpreter] to drive the simulation.
  * @param model The machine model to simulate.
  * @param powerDriver The power driver to use.
+ * @param psu The power supply of the machine.
  * @param parent The parent simulation system.
  */
 public class SimBareMetalMachine(
     interpreter: SimResourceInterpreter,
     model: SimMachineModel,
     powerDriver: PowerDriver,
+    public val psu: SimPsu = SimPsu(500.0, mapOf(1.0 to 1.0)),
     parent: SimResourceSystem? = null,
 ) : SimAbstractMachine(interpreter, parent, model) {
+    /**
+     * The processing units of the machine.
+     */
     override val cpus: List<SimProcessingUnit> = model.cpus.map { cpu ->
         Cpu(SimResourceSource(cpu.frequency, interpreter, this@SimBareMetalMachine), cpu)
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Construct the [PowerDriver.Logic] for this machine.
-     */
-    private val powerDriver = powerDriver.createLogic(this, cpus)
-
-    /**
-     * The power draw of the machine.
-     */
-    public var powerDraw: Double = 0.0
-        private set
-
     override fun updateUsage(usage: Double) {
         super.updateUsage(usage)
+        psu.update()
+    }
 
-        powerDraw = powerDriver.computePower()
+    init {
+        psu.connect(powerDriver.createLogic(this, cpus))
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/SimPsu.kt b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/SimPsu.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4ddad1c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/SimPsu.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.simulator.compute
+
+import org.opendc.simulator.compute.power.PowerDriver
+import org.opendc.simulator.power.SimPowerInlet
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceCommand
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceConsumer
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceContext
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceEvent
+import java.util.*
+
+/**
+ * A power supply of a [SimBareMetalMachine].
+ *
+ * @param ratedOutputPower The rated output power of the PSU.
+ * @param energyEfficiency The energy efficiency of the PSU for various power draws.
+ */
+public class SimPsu(
+    private val ratedOutputPower: Double,
+    energyEfficiency: Map<Double, Double>,
+) : SimPowerInlet() {
+    /**
+     * The power draw of the machine at this instant.
+     */
+    public val powerDraw: Double
+        get() = _powerDraw
+    private var _powerDraw = 0.0
+
+    /**
+     * The energy efficiency of the PSU at various power draws.
+     */
+    private val energyEfficiency = TreeMap(energyEfficiency)
+
+    /**
+     * The consumer context.
+     */
+    private var _ctx: SimResourceContext? = null
+
+    /**
+     * The driver that is connected to the PSU.
+     */
+    private var _driver: PowerDriver.Logic? = null
+
+    init {
+        require(energyEfficiency.isNotEmpty()) { "Must specify at least one entry for energy efficiency of PSU" }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Update the power draw of the PSU.
+     */
+    public fun update() {
+        _ctx?.interrupt()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Connect the specified [PowerDriver.Logic] to this PSU.
+     */
+    public fun connect(driver: PowerDriver.Logic) {
+        check(_driver == null) { "PSU already connected" }
+        _driver = driver
+        update()
+    }
+
+    override fun createConsumer(): SimResourceConsumer = object : SimResourceConsumer {
+        override fun onNext(ctx: SimResourceContext): SimResourceCommand {
+            val powerDraw = computePowerDraw(_driver?.computePower() ?: 0.0)
+
+            return if (powerDraw > 0.0)
+                SimResourceCommand.Consume(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, powerDraw, Long.MAX_VALUE)
+            else
+                SimResourceCommand.Idle()
+        }
+
+        override fun onEvent(ctx: SimResourceContext, event: SimResourceEvent) {
+            when (event) {
+                SimResourceEvent.Start -> _ctx = ctx
+                SimResourceEvent.Run -> _powerDraw = ctx.speed
+                SimResourceEvent.Exit -> _ctx = null
+                else -> {}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compute the power draw of the PSU including the power loss.
+     */
+    private fun computePowerDraw(load: Double): Double {
+        val loadPercentage = (load / ratedOutputPower).coerceIn(0.0, 1.0)
+        val efficiency = energyEfficiency.ceilingEntry(loadPercentage)?.value ?: 1.0
+        return load / efficiency
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String = "SimPsu[draw=$_powerDraw]"
+}
diff --git a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/power/PowerDriver.kt b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/power/PowerDriver.kt
index a1a2b911..1a46dd4a 100644
--- a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/power/PowerDriver.kt
+++ b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/power/PowerDriver.kt
@@ -26,22 +26,22 @@ import org.opendc.simulator.compute.SimMachine
 import org.opendc.simulator.compute.SimProcessingUnit
 
 /**
- * A [PowerDriver] is responsible for switching the processor to the correct frequency.
+ * A [PowerDriver] is responsible for tracking the power usage for a component of the machine.
  */
 public interface PowerDriver {
     /**
-     * Create the scaling logic for the specified [machine]
+     * Create the driver logic for the specified [machine].
      */
     public fun createLogic(machine: SimMachine, cpus: List<SimProcessingUnit>): Logic
 
     /**
-     * The logic of the scaling driver.
+     * The logic of the power driver.
      */
     public interface Logic {
         /**
-         * Compute the power consumption of the processor.
+         * Compute the power consumption of the component.
          *
-         * @return The power consumption of the processor in W.
+         * @return The power consumption of the component in W.
          */
         public fun computePower(): Double
     }
diff --git a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/SimMachineTest.kt b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/SimMachineTest.kt
index 0c686aa0..b9cfb06b 100644
--- a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/SimMachineTest.kt
+++ b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/SimMachineTest.kt
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ import org.opendc.simulator.compute.util.SimWorkloadLifecycle
 import org.opendc.simulator.compute.workload.SimFlopsWorkload
 import org.opendc.simulator.compute.workload.SimWorkload
 import org.opendc.simulator.core.runBlockingSimulation
+import org.opendc.simulator.power.SimPowerSource
 import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceInterpreter
 import org.opendc.simulator.resources.consumer.SimWorkConsumer
 
@@ -142,16 +143,20 @@ class SimMachineTest {
 
     @Test
     fun testPower() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
         val machine = SimBareMetalMachine(
-            SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock),
+            interpreter,
             machineModel,
             SimplePowerDriver(LinearPowerModel(100.0, 50.0))
         )
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 1000.0)
+        source.connect(machine.psu)
 
         try {
             coroutineScope {
                 launch { machine.run(SimFlopsWorkload(2_000, utilization = 1.0)) }
-                assertEquals(100.0, machine.powerDraw)
+                assertEquals(100.0, machine.psu.powerDraw)
+                assertEquals(100.0, source.powerDraw)
             }
         } finally {
             machine.close()
diff --git a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/SimPsuTest.kt b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/SimPsuTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e0ebdb73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-compute/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/compute/SimPsuTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.simulator.compute
+
+import io.mockk.every
+import io.mockk.mockk
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.assertThrows
+import org.opendc.simulator.compute.power.PowerDriver
+import org.opendc.simulator.core.runBlockingSimulation
+import org.opendc.simulator.power.SimPowerSource
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceInterpreter
+
+/**
+ * Test suite for [SimPsu]
+ */
+internal class SimPsuTest {
+
+    @Test
+    fun testInvalidInput() {
+        assertThrows<IllegalArgumentException> { SimPsu(1.0, emptyMap()) }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDoubleConnect() {
+        val psu = SimPsu(1.0, mapOf(0.0 to 1.0))
+        val cpuLogic = mockk<PowerDriver.Logic>()
+        psu.connect(cpuLogic)
+        assertThrows<IllegalStateException> { psu.connect(mockk()) }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPsuIdle() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val ratedOutputPower = 240.0
+        val energyEfficiency = mapOf(0.0 to 1.0)
+
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = ratedOutputPower)
+
+        val cpuLogic = mockk<PowerDriver.Logic>()
+        every { cpuLogic.computePower() } returns 0.0
+
+        val psu = SimPsu(ratedOutputPower, energyEfficiency)
+        psu.connect(cpuLogic)
+        source.connect(psu)
+
+        assertEquals(0.0, source.powerDraw, 0.01)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testPsuPowerLoss() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val ratedOutputPower = 240.0
+        // Efficiency of 80 Plus Titanium PSU
+        val energyEfficiency = sortedMapOf(
+            0.3 to 0.9,
+            0.7 to 0.92,
+            1.0 to 0.94,
+        )
+
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = ratedOutputPower)
+
+        val cpuLogic = mockk<PowerDriver.Logic>()
+        every { cpuLogic.computePower() } returnsMany listOf(50.0, 100.0, 150.0, 200.0)
+
+        val psu = SimPsu(ratedOutputPower, energyEfficiency)
+        psu.connect(cpuLogic)
+        source.connect(psu)
+
+        assertEquals(55.55, source.powerDraw, 0.01)
+
+        psu.update()
+        assertEquals(108.695, source.powerDraw, 0.01)
+
+        psu.update()
+        assertEquals(163.043, source.powerDraw, 0.01)
+
+        psu.update()
+        assertEquals(212.765, source.powerDraw, 0.01)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/build.gradle.kts b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/build.gradle.kts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f2a49964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/build.gradle.kts
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+description = "Library for simulating datacenter power components"
+
+plugins {
+    `kotlin-library-conventions`
+    `testing-conventions`
+    `jacoco-conventions`
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    api(platform(projects.opendcPlatform))
+    api(projects.opendcSimulator.opendcSimulatorResources)
+    implementation(projects.opendcSimulator.opendcSimulatorCore)
+}
diff --git a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPdu.kt b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPdu.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..11034a57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPdu.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.simulator.power
+
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.*
+
+/**
+ * A model of a Power Distribution Unit (PDU).
+ *
+ * @param interpreter The underlying [SimResourceInterpreter] to drive the simulation under the hood.
+ * @param idlePower The idle power consumption of the PDU independent of the load on the PDU.
+ * @param lossCoefficient The coefficient for the power loss of the PDU proportional to the square load.
+ */
+public class SimPdu(
+    interpreter: SimResourceInterpreter,
+    private val idlePower: Double = 0.0,
+    private val lossCoefficient: Double = 0.0,
+) : SimPowerInlet() {
+    /**
+     * The [SimResourceDistributor] that distributes the electricity over the PDU outlets.
+     */
+    private val distributor = SimResourceDistributorMaxMin(interpreter)
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new PDU outlet.
+     */
+    public fun newOutlet(): Outlet = Outlet(distributor.newOutput())
+
+    override fun createConsumer(): SimResourceConsumer = object : SimResourceConsumer by distributor {
+        override fun onNext(ctx: SimResourceContext): SimResourceCommand {
+            return when (val cmd = distributor.onNext(ctx)) {
+                is SimResourceCommand.Consume -> {
+                    val duration = cmd.work / cmd.limit
+                    val loss = computePowerLoss(cmd.limit)
+                    val newLimit = cmd.limit + loss
+
+                    SimResourceCommand.Consume(duration * newLimit, newLimit, cmd.deadline)
+                }
+                is SimResourceCommand.Idle -> {
+                    val loss = computePowerLoss(0.0)
+                    if (loss > 0.0)
+                        SimResourceCommand.Consume(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, loss, cmd.deadline)
+                    else
+                        cmd
+                }
+                else -> cmd
+            }
+        }
+
+        override fun toString(): String = "SimPdu.Consumer"
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String = "SimPdu"
+
+    /**
+     * Compute the power loss that occurs in the PDU.
+     */
+    private fun computePowerLoss(load: Double): Double {
+        // See https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_Doc_Ref=SPD_NRAN-66CK3D_EN
+        return idlePower + lossCoefficient * (load * load)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A PDU outlet.
+     */
+    public class Outlet(private val provider: SimResourceProvider) : SimPowerOutlet(), AutoCloseable {
+        override fun onConnect(inlet: SimPowerInlet) {
+            provider.startConsumer(inlet.createConsumer())
+        }
+
+        override fun onDisconnect(inlet: SimPowerInlet) {
+            provider.cancel()
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Remove the outlet from the PDU.
+         */
+        override fun close() {
+            provider.close()
+        }
+
+        override fun toString(): String = "SimPdu.Outlet"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPowerInlet.kt b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPowerInlet.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0ac1f199
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPowerInlet.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.simulator.power
+
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceConsumer
+
+/**
+ * An abstract inlet that consumes electricity from a power outlet.
+ */
+public abstract class SimPowerInlet {
+    /**
+     * A flag to indicate that the inlet is currently connected to an outlet.
+     */
+    public val isConnected: Boolean
+        get() = _outlet != null
+
+    /**
+     * The [SimPowerOutlet] to which the inlet is connected.
+     */
+    public val outlet: SimPowerOutlet?
+        get() = _outlet
+    internal var _outlet: SimPowerOutlet? = null
+
+    /**
+     * Create a [SimResourceConsumer] which represents the consumption of electricity from the power outlet.
+     */
+    public abstract fun createConsumer(): SimResourceConsumer
+}
diff --git a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPowerOutlet.kt b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPowerOutlet.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..72f52acc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPowerOutlet.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.simulator.power
+
+/**
+ * An abstract outlet that provides a source of electricity for datacenter components.
+ */
+public abstract class SimPowerOutlet {
+    /**
+     * A flag to indicate that the inlet is currently connected to an outlet.
+     */
+    public val isConnected: Boolean
+        get() = _inlet != null
+
+    /**
+     * The inlet that is connected to this outlet currently.
+     */
+    public val inlet: SimPowerInlet?
+        get() = _inlet
+    private var _inlet: SimPowerInlet? = null
+
+    /**
+     * Connect the specified power [inlet] to this outlet.
+     *
+     * @param inlet The inlet to connect to the outlet.
+     */
+    public fun connect(inlet: SimPowerInlet) {
+        check(!isConnected) { "Outlet already connected" }
+        check(!inlet.isConnected) { "Inlet already connected" }
+
+        _inlet = inlet
+        inlet._outlet = this
+
+        onConnect(inlet)
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disconnect the connected power outlet from this inlet
+     */
+    public fun disconnect() {
+        val inlet = _inlet
+        if (inlet != null) {
+            _inlet = null
+            assert(inlet._outlet == this) { "Inlet state incorrect" }
+            inlet._outlet = null
+
+            onDisconnect(inlet)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This method is invoked when an inlet is connected to the outlet.
+     */
+    protected abstract fun onConnect(inlet: SimPowerInlet)
+
+    /**
+     * This method is invoked when an inlet is disconnected from the outlet.
+     */
+    protected abstract fun onDisconnect(inlet: SimPowerInlet)
+}
diff --git a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPowerSource.kt b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPowerSource.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ef8ccc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPowerSource.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.simulator.power
+
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceInterpreter
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceSource
+
+/**
+ * A [SimPowerOutlet] that represents a source of electricity.
+ *
+ * @param interpreter The underlying [SimResourceInterpreter] to drive the simulation under the hood.
+ */
+public class SimPowerSource(interpreter: SimResourceInterpreter, public val capacity: Double) : SimPowerOutlet() {
+    /**
+     * The resource source that drives this power source.
+     */
+    private val source = SimResourceSource(capacity, interpreter)
+
+    /**
+     * The power draw at this instant.
+     */
+    public val powerDraw: Double
+        get() = source.speed
+
+    override fun onConnect(inlet: SimPowerInlet) {
+        source.startConsumer(inlet.createConsumer())
+    }
+
+    override fun onDisconnect(inlet: SimPowerInlet) {
+        source.cancel()
+    }
+
+    override fun toString(): String = "SimPowerSource"
+}
diff --git a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimUps.kt b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimUps.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f9431d21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimUps.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.simulator.power
+
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.*
+
+/**
+ * A model of an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS).
+ *
+ * This model aggregates multiple power sources into a single source in order to ensure that power is always available.
+ *
+ * @param interpreter The underlying [SimResourceInterpreter] to drive the simulation under the hood.
+ * @param idlePower The idle power consumption of the UPS independent of the load.
+ * @param lossCoefficient The coefficient for the power loss of the UPS proportional to the load.
+ */
+public class SimUps(
+    interpreter: SimResourceInterpreter,
+    private val idlePower: Double = 0.0,
+    private val lossCoefficient: Double = 0.0,
+) : SimPowerOutlet() {
+    /**
+     * The resource aggregator used to combine the input sources.
+     */
+    private val aggregator = SimResourceAggregatorMaxMin(interpreter)
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new UPS outlet.
+     */
+    public fun newInlet(): SimPowerInlet {
+        val forward = SimResourceForwarder(isCoupled = true)
+        aggregator.addInput(forward)
+        return Inlet(forward)
+    }
+
+    override fun onConnect(inlet: SimPowerInlet) {
+        val consumer = inlet.createConsumer()
+        aggregator.startConsumer(object : SimResourceConsumer by consumer {
+            override fun onNext(ctx: SimResourceContext): SimResourceCommand {
+                return when (val cmd = consumer.onNext(ctx)) {
+                    is SimResourceCommand.Consume -> {
+                        val duration = cmd.work / cmd.limit
+                        val loss = computePowerLoss(cmd.limit)
+                        val newLimit = cmd.limit + loss
+
+                        SimResourceCommand.Consume(duration * newLimit, newLimit, cmd.deadline)
+                    }
+                    is SimResourceCommand.Idle -> {
+                        val loss = computePowerLoss(0.0)
+                        if (loss > 0.0)
+                            SimResourceCommand.Consume(Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY, loss, cmd.deadline)
+                        else
+                            cmd
+                    }
+                    else -> cmd
+                }
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    override fun onDisconnect(inlet: SimPowerInlet) {
+        aggregator.cancel()
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compute the power loss that occurs in the UPS.
+     */
+    private fun computePowerLoss(load: Double): Double {
+        // See https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_Doc_Ref=SPD_NRAN-66CK3D_EN
+        return idlePower + lossCoefficient * load
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A UPS inlet.
+     */
+    public inner class Inlet(private val forwarder: SimResourceTransformer) : SimPowerInlet(), AutoCloseable {
+        override fun createConsumer(): SimResourceConsumer = forwarder
+
+        /**
+         * Remove the inlet from the PSU.
+         */
+        override fun close() {
+            forwarder.close()
+        }
+
+        override fun toString(): String = "SimPsu.Inlet"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPduTest.kt b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPduTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..17a174b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPduTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.simulator.power
+
+import io.mockk.spyk
+import io.mockk.verify
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.assertThrows
+import org.opendc.simulator.core.runBlockingSimulation
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceConsumer
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceEvent
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceInterpreter
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.consumer.SimWorkConsumer
+
+/**
+ * Test suite for the [SimPdu] class.
+ */
+internal class SimPduTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testZeroOutlets() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+        val pdu = SimPdu(interpreter)
+        source.connect(pdu)
+
+        assertEquals(0.0, source.powerDraw)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testSingleOutlet() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+        val pdu = SimPdu(interpreter)
+        source.connect(pdu)
+        pdu.newOutlet().connect(SimpleInlet())
+
+        assertEquals(50.0, source.powerDraw)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDoubleOutlet() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+        val pdu = SimPdu(interpreter)
+        source.connect(pdu)
+
+        pdu.newOutlet().connect(SimpleInlet())
+        pdu.newOutlet().connect(SimpleInlet())
+
+        assertEquals(100.0, source.powerDraw)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDisconnect() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+        val pdu = SimPdu(interpreter)
+        source.connect(pdu)
+        val consumer = spyk(SimWorkConsumer(100.0, utilization = 1.0))
+        val inlet = object : SimPowerInlet() {
+            override fun createConsumer(): SimResourceConsumer = consumer
+        }
+
+        val outlet = pdu.newOutlet()
+        outlet.connect(inlet)
+        outlet.disconnect()
+
+        verify { consumer.onEvent(any(), SimResourceEvent.Exit) }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testLoss() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+        // https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_Doc_Ref=SPD_NRAN-66CK3D_EN
+        val pdu = SimPdu(interpreter, idlePower = 1.5, lossCoefficient = 0.015)
+        source.connect(pdu)
+        pdu.newOutlet().connect(SimpleInlet())
+        assertEquals(89.0, source.powerDraw, 0.01)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testOutletClose() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+        val pdu = SimPdu(interpreter)
+        source.connect(pdu)
+        val outlet = pdu.newOutlet()
+        outlet.close()
+
+        assertThrows<IllegalStateException> {
+            outlet.connect(SimpleInlet())
+        }
+    }
+
+    class SimpleInlet : SimPowerInlet() {
+        override fun createConsumer(): SimResourceConsumer = SimWorkConsumer(100.0, utilization = 0.5)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPowerSourceTest.kt b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPowerSourceTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f3829ba1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimPowerSourceTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.simulator.power
+
+import io.mockk.every
+import io.mockk.mockk
+import io.mockk.spyk
+import io.mockk.verify
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.assertDoesNotThrow
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.assertThrows
+import org.opendc.simulator.core.runBlockingSimulation
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceConsumer
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceEvent
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceInterpreter
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.consumer.SimWorkConsumer
+
+/**
+ * Test suite for the [SimPowerSource]
+ */
+internal class SimPowerSourceTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testInitialState() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+
+        assertFalse(source.isConnected)
+        assertNull(source.inlet)
+        assertEquals(100.0, source.capacity)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDisconnectIdempotent() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+
+        assertDoesNotThrow { source.disconnect() }
+        assertFalse(source.isConnected)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testConnect() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+        val inlet = SimpleInlet()
+
+        source.connect(inlet)
+
+        assertTrue(source.isConnected)
+        assertEquals(inlet, source.inlet)
+        assertTrue(inlet.isConnected)
+        assertEquals(source, inlet.outlet)
+        assertEquals(100.0, source.powerDraw)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDisconnect() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+        val consumer = spyk(SimWorkConsumer(100.0, utilization = 1.0))
+        val inlet = object : SimPowerInlet() {
+            override fun createConsumer(): SimResourceConsumer = consumer
+        }
+
+        source.connect(inlet)
+        source.disconnect()
+
+        verify { consumer.onEvent(any(), SimResourceEvent.Exit) }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDisconnectAssertion() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+        val inlet = mockk<SimPowerInlet>(relaxUnitFun = true)
+        every { inlet.isConnected } returns false
+        every { inlet._outlet } returns null
+        every { inlet.createConsumer() } returns SimWorkConsumer(100.0, utilization = 1.0)
+
+        source.connect(inlet)
+
+        assertThrows<AssertionError> {
+            source.disconnect()
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testOutletAlreadyConnected() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+        val inlet = SimpleInlet()
+
+        source.connect(inlet)
+        assertThrows<IllegalStateException> {
+            source.connect(SimpleInlet())
+        }
+
+        assertEquals(inlet, source.inlet)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testInletAlreadyConnected() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+        val inlet = mockk<SimPowerInlet>(relaxUnitFun = true)
+        every { inlet.isConnected } returns true
+
+        assertThrows<IllegalStateException> {
+            source.connect(inlet)
+        }
+    }
+
+    class SimpleInlet : SimPowerInlet() {
+        override fun createConsumer(): SimResourceConsumer = SimWorkConsumer(100.0, utilization = 1.0)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimUpsTest.kt b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimUpsTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8d5fa857
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-power/src/test/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/power/SimUpsTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2021 AtLarge Research
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package org.opendc.simulator.power
+
+import io.mockk.spyk
+import io.mockk.verify
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertAll
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test
+import org.opendc.simulator.core.runBlockingSimulation
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceConsumer
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceEvent
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.SimResourceInterpreter
+import org.opendc.simulator.resources.consumer.SimWorkConsumer
+
+/**
+ * Test suite for the [SimUps] class.
+ */
+internal class SimUpsTest {
+    @Test
+    fun testSingleInlet() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+        val ups = SimUps(interpreter)
+        source.connect(ups.newInlet())
+        ups.connect(SimpleInlet())
+
+        assertEquals(50.0, source.powerDraw)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDoubleInlet() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source1 = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+        val source2 = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+        val ups = SimUps(interpreter)
+        source1.connect(ups.newInlet())
+        source2.connect(ups.newInlet())
+
+        ups.connect(SimpleInlet())
+
+        assertAll(
+            { assertEquals(50.0, source1.powerDraw) },
+            { assertEquals(50.0, source2.powerDraw) }
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testLoss() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+        // https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_Doc_Ref=SPD_NRAN-66CK3D_EN
+        val ups = SimUps(interpreter, idlePower = 4.0, lossCoefficient = 0.05)
+        source.connect(ups.newInlet())
+        ups.connect(SimpleInlet())
+
+        assertEquals(56.5, source.powerDraw)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testDisconnect() = runBlockingSimulation {
+        val interpreter = SimResourceInterpreter(coroutineContext, clock)
+        val source1 = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+        val source2 = SimPowerSource(interpreter, capacity = 100.0)
+        val ups = SimUps(interpreter)
+        source1.connect(ups.newInlet())
+        source2.connect(ups.newInlet())
+        val consumer = spyk(SimWorkConsumer(100.0, utilization = 1.0))
+        val inlet = object : SimPowerInlet() {
+            override fun createConsumer(): SimResourceConsumer = consumer
+        }
+
+        ups.connect(inlet)
+        ups.disconnect()
+
+        verify { consumer.onEvent(any(), SimResourceEvent.Exit) }
+    }
+
+    class SimpleInlet : SimPowerInlet() {
+        override fun createConsumer(): SimResourceConsumer = SimWorkConsumer(100.0, utilization = 0.5)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-resources/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/resources/SimResourceSource.kt b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-resources/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/resources/SimResourceSource.kt
index 9f062cc3..2f70e3cc 100644
--- a/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-resources/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/resources/SimResourceSource.kt
+++ b/opendc-simulator/opendc-simulator-resources/src/main/kotlin/org/opendc/simulator/resources/SimResourceSource.kt
@@ -44,7 +44,11 @@ public class SimResourceSource(
             }
 
             override fun onConsume(ctx: SimResourceControllableContext, work: Double, limit: Double, deadline: Long): Long {
-                return min(deadline, ctx.clock.millis() + getDuration(work, speed))
+                return if (work.isInfinite()) {
+                    Long.MAX_VALUE
+                } else {
+                    min(deadline, ctx.clock.millis() + getDuration(work, speed))
+                }
             }
 
             override fun onUpdate(ctx: SimResourceControllableContext, work: Double) {
diff --git a/settings.gradle.kts b/settings.gradle.kts
index d09e2912..3b0571b8 100644
--- a/settings.gradle.kts
+++ b/settings.gradle.kts
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ include(":opendc-web:opendc-web-ui")
 include(":opendc-web:opendc-web-runner")
 include(":opendc-simulator:opendc-simulator-core")
 include(":opendc-simulator:opendc-simulator-resources")
+include(":opendc-simulator:opendc-simulator-power")
 include(":opendc-simulator:opendc-simulator-compute")
 include(":opendc-simulator:opendc-simulator-failures")
 include(":opendc-telemetry:opendc-telemetry-api")