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-title: "Review of The Nature of Technology by W. Brian Arthur"
-date: 2026-02-11T08:26:48+01:00
-draft: false
----
-
-(Writing in progress)
-
-"The Nature of Technology" explains how the inventions of modern science come to being.
-This book, published in 2009, was recommended to me by my research project supervisor, Prof. Alexandru.
-Inside, W. Arthur presents from a new perspective how technologies evolve, drawing a parallel between scientific advancements and a Darwinian-like theory of evolution.
-The book is written fairly well, nonetheless there are points I would like to reflect upon.
-
-_One last disclaimer: Because I write a book on technology the reader should not take it that I am particularly in favor of technology.
-Oncologists may write about cancer, but that does not mean they wish it upon people.
-I am skeptical about technology and about its consequences._
-
-Already in the preface of the book, the author makes a statement that I particularly like, as it conforms to my own beliefs and at the same time reassures me that it is not paradoxical to be a Computer Scientist and a technology sceptic at the same time.
-Having read this, I breathe a sigh of relief, as this means I can continue in the direction of my discourse, without having to worry that I might be hypocritical.
-
-_I have many attitudes towards technology.
-I use it and take it for granted.
-I enjoy it and occasionally am frustrated by it.
-And I am vaguely suspicious of what it is doing to our lives._
-
-To elaborate further on this quote, on the next page the author enters a discourse as to the unease that technology brings to our daily lives.
-Arthur makes a really good point that human roots go back one way - to nature.
-As such, the more our modern world deviates from the familiar, natural environment, the more we question the technology that causes this shift.
-
-_Our deepest hopes as humans lie in technology; but our deepest trust lies in nature._
-
-That is not to say that we should go out and live in the woods instead of cities.
-Nonetheless, these first 3 quotes play well into why we should be sceptical of technology.
-We hope for it to solve our problems, and with this hope come expectations and unconditional acceptance of solutions to modern issues that technologies provide.
-However, this does not mean its correct to do so.
-I must admit in the recent times I noticed that less and less people, myself included, separate nature from technology.
-Since I was born (2004), I was surrounded by innovations such as cars, cellphones, computers etc.
-As a 12 year old, I never felt "uneasy" about using a computer or a tablet.
-You can almost argue it was natural to me.
-It was only by becoming a Computer Science student that I was able to become aware of technology as separate from natural order of life.
-We accept technology without critical thought, like the one of W. Arthur.
-
-_And so, the story of this century will be about the clash between what technology offers and what we feel comfortable with._
-
-I disagree.
-I think the clash that Arthur predicts will never come.
-What we should be comfortable with will be imposed upon us, with little choice for the individual.
-
-Reading further, Arthur elaborates on why the book is needed - that the pure Darwinian model of evolution does not fit technology.
-He puts forward the premise of the entire book:
-
-_[...] the novel technologies arise by combination of existing technologies and that therefore existing technologies beget further technologies._
-
-This thought somewhat makes sense to me, but what is unacceptable from my point of view are the lines that follow roughly 5 sentences afterwards:
-
-_We can say that technology creates itself out of itself._
-
-I understand what Arthur means here.
-That all technologies have a common root, and there is a causal relationship between them.
-However the formulation of this sentence is wrong according to me.
-Technologies do not create themselves.
-We make them into what they are, and it is us who can decide whether to put the new innovation forward or not.
-Ethics forbid genetic engineering on humans, so we collectively are capable of stopping the march of technology for at least some innovations.
-These statements of course can be challenged further, but for now this is the way I think.
-Should new observations arise, I might change my mind.
-
-Further chapters of the book go more in-depth into the structure of technologies.
-Arthur puts forward three different ways to define what a technology is and sketches an abstract view of its inside.
-Here I can draw parallels between the concepts I was introduced with during programming classes.
-Ideas like abstraction, encapsulation, modularity and compartmentalization were familiar to me already, so I was surprised to see how generic they are an that they appear in all technologies around us, regardless of their domain.
-
-Talking about the structure of standalone inventions:
-_Each is an arrangement of connected building blocks that consists of a central assembly that carries out a base principle, along with other assemblies or component systems that interact to support this._
-
-This comes back to the Tanenbaum vs. Torvalds debate about monolithic kernel design vs. micro-kernel design.
-In the end, indeed Torvalds won, since Linux is now the most popular operating system in the world.
-However the above quote begs the question: Did he ever stand a chance to win in the first place?
-If the structure of invention is a wide body and smaller peripherals does this mean that all the inventions that do not follow this principle are bound to fail?
-I might be misunderstanding the point Arthur makes here, you could also argue that a micro-kernel still includes a kernel, but I think it is worthwhile to reflect upon this, and whether or not all designs (should) follow this principle.