diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | build/main.aux | 13 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | build/main.bbl | 12 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | build/main.blg | 48 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | build/main.fdb_latexmk | 47 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | build/main.fls | 41 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | build/main.log | 179 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | build/main.nav | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | build/main.pdf | bin | 6059615 -> 42294809 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | build/main.synctex.gz | bin | 63895 -> 66622 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | citations/BScMySlidesAnnotatedDanteNiewenhuis.pdf | bin | 0 -> 42291990 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | images/25_Jun_2026_152341.pdf | bin | 0 -> 20091 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | images/25_Jun_2026_161052.pdf | bin | 0 -> 20266 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | indent.log | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | main.bib | 16 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | main.tex | 145 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | style/style.tex | 6 |
16 files changed, 310 insertions, 201 deletions
diff --git a/build/main.aux b/build/main.aux index 0e9499c..4d59fba 100644 --- a/build/main.aux +++ b/build/main.aux @@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@framepages {2}{2}}} \citation{DBLP:journals/computer/AthavaleBBMMPS24} \citation{DBLP:usdoe/report/AP26894} -\citation{DBLP:conf/acsos/TalluriOVTI21} \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\slideentry {0}{0}{3}{3/3}{}{0}}} \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@framepages {3}{3}}} \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\slideentry {0}{0}{4}{4/4}{}{0}}} @@ -35,6 +34,7 @@ \citation{DBLP:conf/ccgrid/MastenbroekAJLB21} \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\slideentry {0}{0}{8}{8/8}{}{0}}} \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@framepages {8}{8}}} +\citation{DBLP:conf/sc/TaheriBPRHDEWPM24} \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\slideentry {0}{0}{9}{9/9}{}{0}}} \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@framepages {9}{9}}} \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\slideentry {0}{0}{10}{10/10}{}{0}}} @@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ \bibcite{DBLP:conf/date/MilojicicFDR21}{\hyperlink {beamerbibDBLP:conf/date/MilojicicFDR21}{10}} \bibcite{DBLP:usdoe/report/AP26894}{\hyperlink {beamerbibDBLP:usdoe/report/AP26894}{11}} \bibcite{DBLP:conf/sc/TaheriBPRHDEWPM24}{\hyperlink {beamerbibDBLP:conf/sc/TaheriBPRHDEWPM24}{12}} -\bibcite{DBLP:conf/acsos/TalluriOVTI21}{\hyperlink {beamerbibDBLP:conf/acsos/TalluriOVTI21}{13}} -\bibcite{DBLP:conf/cirp/TAO2018169}{\hyperlink {beamerbibDBLP:conf/cirp/TAO2018169}{14}} +\bibcite{DBLP:conf/cirp/TAO2018169}{\hyperlink {beamerbibDBLP:conf/cirp/TAO2018169}{13}} +\bibcite{DBLP:journals/fgcs/VersluisCGLPCUI23}{\hyperlink {beamerbibDBLP:journals/fgcs/VersluisCGLPCUI23}{14}} \bibcite{DBLP:conf/sensys/WangZD0TCWZ20}{\hyperlink {beamerbibDBLP:conf/sensys/WangZD0TCWZ20}{15}} \bibcite{DBLP:conf/noms/ZhangZLZWC22}{\hyperlink {beamerbibDBLP:conf/noms/ZhangZLZWC22}{16}} \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\slideentry {0}{0}{12}{12/12}{}{0}}} @@ -68,9 +68,8 @@ \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@framepages {12}{14}}} \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\slideentry {0}{0}{12}{12/15}{}{0}}} \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@framepages {12}{15}}} -\citation{DBLP:journals/corr/IosupKLVG22} -\citation{DBLP:conf/acsos/TalluriOVTI21} -\citation{DBLP:journals/corr/IosupKLVG22} +\citation{DBLP:journals/fgcs/VersluisCGLPCUI23} +\citation{DBLP:journals/fgcs/VersluisCGLPCUI23} \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\slideentry {0}{0}{13}{16/16}{}{0}}} \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@framepages {16}{16}}} \citation{DBLP:journals/computer/AthavaleBBMMPS24} @@ -85,5 +84,5 @@ \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@subsectionpages {1}{18}}} \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@sectionpages {1}{18}}} \@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\beamer@documentpages {18}}} -\@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\gdef \inserttotalframenumber {11}}} +\@writefile{nav}{\headcommand {\gdef \inserttotalframenumber {10}}} \gdef \@abspage@last{18} diff --git a/build/main.bbl b/build/main.bbl index 1eb45d2..d36aaf5 100644 --- a/build/main.bbl +++ b/build/main.bbl @@ -83,12 +83,6 @@ Ebad Taheri, Pedro Bruel, Pavana Prakash, Gourav Rattihalli, Ninad Hogade, Adity \newblock In {\em {SC24-W:} Workshops of the International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis , Atlanta, GA, USA, November 17-22, 2024}, pages 847--852. {IEEE}, 2024. \newblock \ifshowURL {\showURL \path|https://doi.org/10.1109/SCW63240.2024.00120|}\fi. -\bibitem{DBLP:conf/acsos/TalluriOVTI21} -Sacheendra Talluri, Leon Overweel, Laurens Versluis, Animesh Trivedi, and Alexandru Iosup. -\newblock Empirical characterization of user reports about cloud failures. -\newblock In Esam El{-}Araby, Vana Kalogeraki, Danilo Pianini, Fr{ \'{e}}d{\'{e}}ric Lassabe, Barry Porter, Sona Ghahremani, Ingrid Nunes, Mohamed Bakhouya, and Sven Tomforde, editors, {\em {IEEE} International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems, {ACSOS} 2021, Washington, DC, USA, September 27 - Oct. 1, 2021}, pages 158--163. {IEEE}, 2021. -\newblock \ifshowURL {\showURL \path|https://doi.org/10.1109/ACSOS52086.2021.00039|}\fi. - \bibitem{DBLP:conf/cirp/TAO2018169} Fei Tao, Meng Zhang, Yushan Liu, and A.Y.C. Nee. \newblock Digital twin driven prognostics and health management for complex equipment. @@ -96,6 +90,12 @@ Fei Tao, Meng Zhang, Yushan Liu, and A.Y.C. Nee. \newblock \showISSN{0007-8506}. \newblock \ifshowURL {\showURL \path|https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007850618300799|}\fi. +\bibitem{DBLP:journals/fgcs/VersluisCGLPCUI23} +Laurens Versluis, Mehmet {\c{C}}etin, Caspar Greeven, Kristian Laursen, Damian Podareanu, Valeriu Codreanu, Alexandru Uta, and Alexandru Iosup. +\newblock Less is not more: We need rich datasets to explore. +\newblock {\em Future Gener. Comput. Syst.}, 142:\penalty0 117--130, 2023. +\newblock \ifshowURL {\showURL \path|https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2022.12.022|}\fi. + \bibitem{DBLP:conf/sensys/WangZD0TCWZ20} Ruihang Wang, Xin Zhou, Linsen Dong, Yonggang Wen, Rui Tan, Li~Chen, Guan Wang, and Feng Zeng. \newblock Kalibre: Knowledge-based neural surrogate model calibration for data center digital twins. diff --git a/build/main.blg b/build/main.blg index 0c6069e..0ef2853 100644 --- a/build/main.blg +++ b/build/main.blg @@ -6,43 +6,43 @@ Database file #1: main.bib Warning--empty booktitle in DBLP:usdoe/report/AP26894 You've used 16 entries, 2588 wiz_defined-function locations, - 701 strings with 12075 characters, -and the built_in function-call counts, 11184 in all, are: -= -- 1053 -> -- 647 -< -- 11 -+ -- 252 -- -- 234 -* -- 785 -:= -- 1733 -add.period$ -- 76 + 701 strings with 11840 characters, +and the built_in function-call counts, 10905 in all, are: += -- 1029 +> -- 633 +< -- 10 ++ -- 249 +- -- 231 +* -- 775 +:= -- 1703 +add.period$ -- 75 call.type$ -- 16 -change.case$ -- 156 +change.case$ -- 159 chr.to.int$ -- 0 cite$ -- 17 -duplicate$ -- 458 -empty$ -- 853 -format.name$ -- 234 -if$ -- 2508 +duplicate$ -- 436 +empty$ -- 828 +format.name$ -- 231 +if$ -- 2426 int.to.chr$ -- 0 int.to.str$ -- 16 missing$ -- 15 newline$ -- 111 -num.names$ -- 38 -pop$ -- 254 +num.names$ -- 36 +pop$ -- 251 preamble$ -- 1 -purify$ -- 140 +purify$ -- 143 quote$ -- 0 -skip$ -- 349 +skip$ -- 324 stack$ -- 0 -substring$ -- 619 -swap$ -- 189 -text.length$ -- 11 +substring$ -- 605 +swap$ -- 171 +text.length$ -- 10 text.prefix$ -- 0 top$ -- 0 type$ -- 64 warning$ -- 1 -while$ -- 92 +while$ -- 89 width$ -- 18 -write$ -- 233 +write$ -- 232 (There was 1 warning) diff --git a/build/main.fdb_latexmk b/build/main.fdb_latexmk index 9c13ecf..f7f8d9a 100644 --- a/build/main.fdb_latexmk +++ b/build/main.fdb_latexmk @@ -1,13 +1,13 @@ # Fdb version 4 -["bibtex build/main"] 1782391206.00241 "build/main.aux" "build/main.bbl" "build/main" 1782391208.99113 0 - "./main.bib" 1782390095.79447 32876 5e1eedec56d981b65e768a05f0692d62 "" +["bibtex build/main"] 1782488269.55436 "build/main.aux" "build/main.bbl" "build/main" 1782488499.25055 0 + "./main.bib" 1782394717.95317 33652 6eeb01a6aa5cfe194e4c5664ab8bcef4 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/is-bst/is-plain.bst" 1775415801 37711 8712640e4301c9b53f91a39ab688edfe "" - "build/main.aux" 1782391208.81128 5431 37ed0d42b61d22596b890940b769447f "pdflatex" + "build/main.aux" 1782488499.08933 5417 e0988719ceaf6180113f2dc6448a99b4 "pdflatex" (generated) "build/main.bbl" "build/main.blg" (rewritten before read) -["pdflatex"] 1782391206.07919 "main.tex" "build/main.pdf" "main" 1782391208.99136 0 +["pdflatex"] 1782488494.90834 "main.tex" "build/main.pdf" "main" 1782488499.25075 0 "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/enc/dvips/base/8r.enc" 1775415801 4850 80dc9bab7f31fb78a000ccfed0e27cab "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/enc/dvips/fontawesome5/fa5free1.enc" 1775415801 3042 0e2b14b9be7d01075a4c4591d5d1781b "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/enc/dvips/inconsolata/i4-t1-0.enc" 1775415801 7631 5169ff1acd97ff1c4ab83563c99f96f4 "" @@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/stix/stix-mathsf.tfm" 1775415801 2084 2f1e8b09f7f218e2a7053ef95384ebe1 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/stix/stix-mathsfit.tfm" 1775415801 2560 304766c612fce5d4ce94849df0676616 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/stix/stix-mathtt.tfm" 1775415801 1396 56f228418b8da227ec737e2e8eb165ee "" - "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmss8.pfb" 1775415801 24420 52dbb8e8aa0069a1b987309557f8d303 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/fontawesome5/FontAwesome5Free-Solid.pfb" 1775415801 295323 d099723373a00cc17d5ae0c9738bb5b3 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/inconsolata/Inconsolata-zi4r.pfb" 1775415801 55526 184de5d68af8c544d6d1653244a2b006 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/stix/stix-mathfrak.pfb" 1775415801 46278 ca6764f9454c2124ef03fc6659dc6d02 "" @@ -287,6 +286,7 @@ "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/array.sty" 1775415801 15651 9d7c62df82cb29a555c00550babfe364 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/enumerate.sty" 1775415801 3468 f21ceb3448a22fec45299f924e7fc48b "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/verbatim.sty" 1775415801 7532 26d26e9d8f2ca784270d5da8ec7d102b "" + "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/xspace.sty" 1775415801 4545 d7bb86d489a8ad5263e4c34304c03aee "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/translator/translator-basic-dictionary-English.dict" 1775415801 3535 7dc96051305a7e943219126c49c44cd6 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/translator/translator-bibliography-dictionary-English.dict" 1775415801 903 c6d17f0656e9e1abb172b4faebabd617 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/translator/translator-environment-dictionary-English.dict" 1775415801 433 bfb8d1c2c020defd2de8e5c276710094 "" @@ -302,24 +302,25 @@ "/usr/share/texmf-dist/web2c/texmf.cnf" 1782309486.02386 43597 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/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/xspace.sty +INPUT /usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/xspace.sty INPUT /usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tcolorbox/tcolorbox.sty INPUT /usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tcolorbox/tcolorbox.sty INPUT /usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/pgf/frontendlayer/tikz.sty @@ -666,11 +668,11 @@ INPUT /usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/adobe/helvetic/phvr8t.tfm INPUT /usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/adobe/helvetic/phvro8t.tfm INPUT /usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/adobe/helvetic/phvro8t.tfm INPUT /usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/adobe/helvetic/phvro8t.tfm -INPUT ./images/datacenter_complexity.pdf -INPUT ./images/datacenter_complexity.pdf -INPUT ./images/datacenter_complexity.pdf -INPUT ./images/datacenter_complexity.pdf -INPUT ./images/datacenter_complexity.pdf +INPUT ./images/datacenter_complexity.png +INPUT ./images/datacenter_complexity.png +INPUT ./images/datacenter_complexity.png +INPUT ./images/datacenter_complexity.png +INPUT ./images/datacenter_complexity.png INPUT 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./images/23_Jun_2026_102028.pdf INPUT ./images/23_Jun_2026_102028.pdf INPUT ./images/23_Jun_2026_102028.pdf -INPUT ./images/vu-logo.png -INPUT ./images/vu-logo.png -INPUT ./images/vu-logo.png -INPUT ./images/vu-logo.png INPUT ./images/vu-logo.png INPUT ./images/vu-logo.png INPUT ./images/vu-logo.png @@ -776,11 +792,7 @@ INPUT ./images/vu-logo.png INPUT build/main.bbl INPUT build/main.bbl INPUT build/main.bbl -INPUT ./images/manageability.pdf -INPUT ./images/manageability.pdf -INPUT ./images/manageability.pdf -INPUT ./images/manageability.pdf -INPUT ./images/manageability.pdf +INPUT /usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/inconsolata/t1-zi4r-0.tfm INPUT ./images/dt_timeline.pdf INPUT ./images/dt_timeline.pdf INPUT ./images/dt_timeline.pdf @@ -799,7 +811,6 @@ INPUT build/main.out INPUT build/main.out INPUT /usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/fontawesome5/FontAwesome5Free-Solid.pfb INPUT /usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/inconsolata/Inconsolata-zi4r.pfb -INPUT 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Comput. Syst.}, + volume = {142}, + pages = {117--130}, + year = {2023}, + url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2022.12.022}, + doi = {10.1016/J.FUTURE.2022.12.022}, + timestamp = {Sat, 13 May 2023 01:06:24 +0200}, + biburl = {https://dblp.org/rec/journals/fgcs/VersluisCGLPCUI23.bib}, + bibsource = {dblp computer science bibliography, https://dblp.org}, +} @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ In result datacenters become extremely complex and hard to operate with millions of CPU's, GPU's etc. \end{tcolorbox} \begin{center} - \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{images/datacenter_complexity.pdf} + \includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{images/datacenter_complexity.png} \end{center} \tiny \textbf{Figure 1.1:} Society depends on datacenters to keep running, and therefore we cannot afford to let these systems break down or experience significant performance-related issues. @@ -23,16 +23,14 @@ \begin{tcolorbox}[title=DCDT's lack predictive analytics] We need Datacenter Digital Twins (DCDT) to be better able to detect and solve issues in critical ICT infrastructure~\cite{DBLP:journals/computer/AthavaleBBMMPS24}. However, DCDT's are still actively developed and lack crucial features such as predictive analytics~\cite{DBLP:usdoe/report/AP26894} to \emph{e.g.,} prevent unexpected failures. - With predictive analysis (\emph{e.g.,} simulation) DCDT's could save millions of lost \$USD~\cite{DBLP:conf/acsos/TalluriOVTI21}. \end{tcolorbox} \begin{center} \includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{images/predictive_analytics.pdf} \end{center} \tiny - \textbf{Figure 1.2:} Where does our work fit within the field of datacenter digital twinning? - There are 5 core elements to any Digital Twin: \myCircled{A} The Digital $\rightarrow$ Physical Twin link, \myCircled{B} the Physical Twin (\emph{e.g.,} the datacenter), \myCircled{C} the Physical $\rightarrow$ Digital Twin link, \myCircled{D} the Digital Twin, \myCircled{E} the features necessary to any Digital Twin. - \textcolor{Green}{\faHighlighter~Highlighted areas are the contributions from this thesis, which include the autonomous actions resulting from predictive insights \myCircledGreen{A} and the predictive analysis itself within \myCircledGreen{E}.} + \textbf{Figure 1.2:} Datacenter Digital Twin Diagram. There are 5 core elements to any Digital Twin: \myCircled{A} The Digital $\rightarrow$ Physical Twin link, \myCircled{B} the Physical Twin (\emph{e.g.,} the datacenter), \myCircled{C} the Physical $\rightarrow$ Digital Twin link, \myCircled{D} the Digital Twin, \myCircled{E} the features necessary to any Digital Twin. + \textcolor{Green}{\faHighlighter~Highlighted areas are the contributions from this thesis, which include the autonomous actions resulting from predictive insights \myCircledGreen{A} and the predictive analysis (including simple storage capabilities) within \myCircledGreen{E}.} \end{frame} \begin{frame}\frametitle{Research Questions} @@ -49,17 +47,19 @@ \end{tcolorbox} \begin{tcolorbox}[title=Research Question 3] - How to evaluate and validate a datacenter digital twin architecture in relation to system requirements? + % no "and validate?" + How to validate and evaluate a datacenter digital twin architecture in relation to system requirements? \end{tcolorbox} \end{frame} \begin{frame}\frametitle{\textbf{RQ1}: Literature Review I} - \begin{tcolorbox}[title=Results] - The literature on DCDTs is scarce. + \begin{tcolorbox}[title=Main Finding I] + The literature on DCDTs is sparse. Some systems barely classify as DTs (\emph{e.g.,} Kalibre~\cite{DBLP:conf/sensys/WangZD0TCWZ20}, ChatTwin~\cite{DBLP:conf/sensys/LiW0Z0T23}). Existing deployments specialize in \textcolor{Red}{Cooling and Heat Modelling}, together with \textcolor{Red}{3D visualizations}. Most lack predictive modelling of DC operations. \end{tcolorbox} + \vspace{-0.1cm} \input{images/table.tex} % Research on DTs for datacenters have been separate, siloed efforts focused on either datacenter cooling, network performance, power consumption or visualization efforts. % CFD usually means Navier-Stokes equations. @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ % Mandatory: split the figure into 2: top and bottom, and that way you can fill in the entire slide nicely. \begin{tcolorbox}[title=A holistic DCDT system model] - We propose a generic model of datacenter digital twinning that can be mapped to each system from \textbf{Table 1.1}. Within this model (see \textbf{Fig. 1.3}) we introduce a concept of the \emph{Digital Thread}: a bridge between the DC digital twin and the physical DC equipment. + We propose a generic model of datacenter digital twinning that can be mapped to each system from \textbf{Table 1.1}. Within this model (see \textbf{Fig. 1.3}) we introduce a concept of the \emph{Digital Thread}: a bridge between the DCDT and the physical DC equipment. \end{tcolorbox} \begin{center} \vspace{-0.1cm} @@ -97,21 +97,22 @@ % Change to Datacenter (Physical Twin) \includegraphics[width=1.15\textwidth]{images/ref_architecture.pdf} \end{center} - \vspace{-0.2cm} + \vspace{-0.15cm} \tiny \textbf{Figure 1.4:} The predictive datacenter digital twin reference architecture. - The architecture was designed with the \emph{AtLarge Design Process}~\cite{DBLP:conf/icdcs/IosupVTETBFMT19}. + The architecture was designed with the \emph{AtLarge Design Process}~\cite{DBLP:conf/icdcs/IosupVTETBFMT19} over several iterations in the past months. \vspace{0.2cm} \end{minipage} - \hspace{0.8cm} + \hspace{0.6cm} \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth} \begin{center} - \includegraphics[width=1.15\linewidth]{images/implementation.png} + \includegraphics[width=1.17\linewidth]{images/implementation.png} \end{center} \vspace{-0.2cm} \tiny - \textbf{Figure 1.5:} The prototype based on \textbf{Figure 1.4} towards answering \textbf{RQ3}. - The time-series data flows first to the \texttt{Grafana} dashboard, \texttt{PostgreSQL} database and \texttt{Redis} cache, as advised in~\cite{DBLP:conf/sc/TaheriBPRHDEWPM24}. + \textbf{Figure 1.5:} The prototype -- \emph{Sunfish}, and its components based on \textbf{Figure 1.4}. + The time-series data flows first to the \texttt{Grafana} dashboard, \texttt{PostgreSQL} database and \texttt{Redis} cache~\cite{DBLP:conf/sc/TaheriBPRHDEWPM24}. + \vspace{0.1cm} \end{minipage} % We decided to use discrete-event simulation, as opposed to computational fluid dynamics because of the high overheads of development time needed for CFD. @@ -121,6 +122,7 @@ \end{frame} % You should skip \hfill completely or in favour of \hspace very minimally. \begin{frame}\frametitle{\textbf{RQ3}: Experimental Setup} + \hspace{-0.3cm} \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth} \begin{tcolorbox}[title=Problem, colbacktitle=red!70!black,colback=red!20!white] We cannot just go and test digital twins on large systems, because we do not have large systems at hand. @@ -147,6 +149,7 @@ \end{minipage} \end{frame} + \begin{frame}\frametitle{\textbf{RQ3}: Experimental Results I} % You have some model, and this can be based on multiple traces. %Get insight from CINECA --> you get a probability of certain hosts failing. @@ -154,20 +157,31 @@ %If you incorporate that? If you can make the case that because of our new digital twin we can incorporate such models, anomaly/failure detection, from CINECA. %If we had that in, we can reach these kinds of gains. % @Mateusz there is really not a possibility to incorporate CINECA's models, so to address Dante's feedback, I created this experiment. - - \begin{tcolorbox}[title=Failure Detection: Main Finding I] - On average, \emph{Sunfish} can detect 14.5\% of unexpected failures in the physical twin. - We show, that digital twinning \emph{can} be used for failure detection. - + % If a single host crashes for the entire workload, that's not really that bad. + % If a lot of hosts suddenly crash but for a really short time, that's terrible. + % Failures that are more intensive are worse than failures with long duration. + \begin{tcolorbox}[title=Main Finding II] + We posit digital twinning can be used for failure detection to the benefit of DC operators. + We replicate an experiment from DyTwin~\cite{DBLP:conf/sc/TaheriBPRHDEWPM24} designed by Milojicic \etal to show our system can reliably detect \emph{unexpected} host failures. \end{tcolorbox} + \hspace{-0.2cm} \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth} \begin{center} - \includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{images/23_Jun_2026_102028.pdf} + \includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{images/25_Jun_2026_152341.pdf} + \end{center} + \vspace{-0.3cm} + \tiny + \textbf{Figure 1.7a:} Experiment 1a. In this experiment we use red and yellow alarms to notify datacenter operators of unexpected failures. + We use a threshold based on predictions done by the simulator and a statistical distribution. + \end{minipage} + \hspace{0.6cm} + \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth} + \begin{center} + \includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{images/25_Jun_2026_161052.pdf} \end{center} \vspace{-0.3cm} \tiny - \textbf{Figure 1.5:} Experiment 1 Setup: The Digital Twin estimates the failures based on the Normal Distribution \emph{N\textasciitilde($\mu$,$\sigma$)} with $\mu = 1.5$ and $\sigma = 0.5$. - ``Real'' OpenDC failures come from a WhatsApp user reports. + \textbf{Figure 1.7b:} Experiment 1b. The mean failure detection rate is around 15\%. Even though this seems low, if we look at \textbf{Fig. E.1} (see Extra Slides), this simply means around 15\% of failures are unexpected. \end{minipage} % Explain what the axis are in the figure caption. % Talk about the experimental setup in the figure. @@ -175,36 +189,61 @@ \end{frame} \begin{frame}\frametitle{\textbf{RQ3}: Experimental Results II} - \begin{tcolorbox}[title=Scheduling Optimization: Main Finding II] - Here explain what did you find. + \begin{tcolorbox}[title=Main Finding III] + \emph{Sunfish} is capable of dynamic adjustments to the physical twin at runtime, and can lower the mean number of failed tasks. \end{tcolorbox} - + \hspace{0.2cm} + % Let's say we have some knowledge about the kind of workload we are going to run, e.g., Skype video calls. + % We can then estimate on previous Skype node failures and one of statistical distributions when are failures likely to happen. + % During the experiment, we unfortunately do not know what kind of distribution will the failures follow, so we constantly check to see which one fits best, and dynamically adjust the scheduling policy based on that. + %---% + % Step 1: We know we are going to soon run a workload coming in from Skype. Let's try to predict the failure pattern we might encounter. + % Run the OpenDC simulator 5 times to estimate the possible failure patterns. Save the results inside the Digital Twin. + % Step 2: Run the Digital Twin. Each time a new metric comes in, update the similarity score of each possible distribution. + % If the distribution with the similarity score that is the highest is about to match timestamps with the running workload AND according to the distribution we are going to experience failures in hosts A,B,C,D, % We decide to stop scheduling tasks on hosts A,B,C and D (we send a message to the running datacenter). + \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth} + \begin{center} + \includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{images/23_Jun_2026_102028.pdf} + \end{center} + \vspace{-0.3cm} + \tiny + \textbf{Figure 1.8a:} Experiment 2a. We can see in this plot which failure distribution is the most likely to be the true distribution while the simulation is running. + \end{minipage} + \begin{minipage}[b]{0.45\linewidth} + \begin{center} + \includegraphics[width=1.1\textwidth]{images/23_Jun_2026_102028.pdf} + \end{center} + \vspace{-0.3cm} + \tiny + \textbf{Figure 1.8b:} Experiment 2b. The gains in number of failures from turning faulty hosts in advance. + \end{minipage} \end{frame} \begin{frame}\frametitle{Key Takeaways} - \begin{tcolorbox}[title=What is the societal context?] + \begin{tcolorbox}[title=Societal Context] Datacenter manageability is a top-priority for the digital society. Over 3 million jobs in the Netherlands directly depend on cloud services, which are hosted in datacenters~\cite{DBLP:journals/corr/IosupKLVG22}. \end{tcolorbox} - \begin{tcolorbox}[title=What problem did we solve?] + \begin{tcolorbox}[title=Problem Statement] DCDT's, still under development, lack crucial features such as predictive analytics to manage datacenters well. The entire DCDT design space remains largely unexplored. \end{tcolorbox} - \begin{tcolorbox}[title=How did we solve this problem?] - Our contributions are: a thorough literature survey with a system model, a DCDT reference architecture, and prototype-based experiments via a novel evaluation method. + \begin{tcolorbox}[title=Contributions] + (1) A thorough literature survey with a system model, (2) a DCDT reference architecture, and (3) prototype-based experiments via a novel evaluation method. \end{tcolorbox} - \begin{tcolorbox}[colbacktitle=red!70!black, colback=red!20!white,title=What did we find?] - \emph{Sunfish} is able to detect around 20\% of unexpected failures based on discrete-event predictions, and can predict the most efficient scheduling policies for given workloads. + \begin{tcolorbox}[title=Main Findings] + \emph{Sunfish} can reliably detect unexpected failures based on discrete-event predictions, and can serve as a foundation for additional research and future work. \end{tcolorbox} % Mandatory to mention here the future work that you see happening. % Not enough space for another tcolorbox. \end{frame} -\setcounter{framenumber}{4} -\setbeamertemplate{footline}[page number]{ +\setcounter{framenumber}{3} +\setbeamertemplate{footline}[page number]{} + % Unfortunately this must remain here. \setbeamercolor{frametitle}{fg=Brown,bg=Brown!20} @@ -214,28 +253,33 @@ \usebeamerfont{frametitle}\insertframetitle\hfill \end{beamercolorbox} } - \begin{frame}[allowframebreaks]\frametitle{Extra Slides: References} \tiny \bibliographystyle{is-plain} \bibliography{main.bib} \end{frame} -\begin{frame}\frametitle{Extra Slides: Societal Impact} - \begin{tcolorbox}[title=Why is this research important today?] - Over 3 million jobs in the Netherlands directly depend on cloud services, which are hosted in datacenters~\cite{DBLP:journals/corr/IosupKLVG22}. - Already the rapid - expansion of datacenters has increased the presence of service failures across all cloud - services~\cite{DBLP:conf/acsos/TalluriOVTI21}. - We need to act now. +\begin{frame}\frametitle{Extra Slides: Technical Setup } + \begin{tcolorbox}[title=What is the simulation workload?] + The compute workload is BitBrainsSmall. + The failure traces include user reports from Gmail, WhatsApp, Facebook and Twitter. + For predictions we use \texttt{prefabs}~\cite{DBLP:journals/fgcs/VersluisCGLPCUI23}. \end{tcolorbox} - \begin{center} - \includegraphics[height=10em]{images/manageability.pdf} - \end{center} - \tiny - \textbf{Figure E.1:} Horizontally: the most important research areas in computer science in Netherlands. - Vertically: qualities we should ensure across all research areas with the most outstanding impact on society. - Datacenter manageability is a top-priority~\cite{DBLP:journals/corr/IosupKLVG22}. + \begin{tcolorbox}[title=What is the experiment environment?] A commodity laptop: Framework Laptop 13, with 32GB of DDR5 RAM and an AMD Ryzen 7840U processor and an ArchLinux OS with Linux 7.0.13-arch1-1 kernel. + + \end{tcolorbox} + + + \begin{tcolorbox}[title=How did we adjust OpenDC (Physical Twin)?] + We use a SURF~\cite{DBLP:journals/fgcs/VersluisCGLPCUI23} datacenter topology with 277 hosts. + We wrote a custom Kotlin \texttt{ComputeMonitor} to export live-metrics into Kafka, and a custom Kotlin \texttt{HTTPClient} to talk to the digital twin. + We add a new scheduling mechanism, the \texttt{SmartScheduler}. + + \end{tcolorbox} + \begin{tcolorbox}[title=Which metrics do we measure?] + Timestamps, host names, uptime, downtime, CPU utilization \emph{etc.} + \end{tcolorbox} + \end{frame} @@ -268,6 +312,9 @@ \tiny \textbf{Figure E.3:} Real-time control that is tightly-coupled with the IT equipment is a prerequisite for timely predictions within seconds/minutes~\cite{DBLP:journals/computer/AthavaleBBMMPS24}. \end{frame} + + + % Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) have high computation overhead, unsuitable for real-time simulation of a dynamic datacenter. %Moreover oftentimes a poorly configured CFD model can lead to high error rates~\cite{DBLP:conf/sensys/WangZD0TCWZ20}. %Data-driven Machine Learning performs poorly by the cases not covered in the training data. diff --git a/style/style.tex b/style/style.tex index 36caa33..9f2647c 100644 --- a/style/style.tex +++ b/style/style.tex @@ -1,6 +1,8 @@ \usetheme{Rochester} \usepackage[dvipsnames]{xcolor} -\usepackage{helvet, textpos, stix, caption, booktabs, array, lipsum, fontawesome5, circledsteps, url, inconsolata, amsmath, amssymb} +\usepackage{helvet, textpos, stix, caption, booktabs, array, lipsum, fontawesome5, circledsteps, url, inconsolata, amsmath, amssymb, xspace} + +\newcommand{\etal}{\emph{et~al.}\xspace} \newcommand\myCircled[2][]{\ifmmode \Circled[fill color=black,inner color=white,#1]{\mathsf{#2}} @@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ \includegraphics[height=1cm]{images/vu-logo.png} \end{textblock*}} -\author{M. Kwiatkowski \and Drs. D. Niewenhuis\inst{1} \and Prof. A. Iosup\inst{2}} +\author{M. Kwiatkowski \and drs. D. Niewenhuis\inst{1} \and Prof. A. Iosup\inst{2}} \institute{Overleaf} \date{Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam\\\vspace{0.5em}\small \today} |