From 7eb1c01020d6bca0aa6bb335df1f5655918e7e7b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: mjkwiatkowski <mati.rewa@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 15 Jul 2026 18:47:48 +0200
Subject: feat: added some of the suggestions from Dante to Chapter 3

---
 content/design.tex | 70 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

(limited to 'content/design.tex')

diff --git a/content/design.tex b/content/design.tex
index 90e56bd..8ae83e6 100644
--- a/content/design.tex
+++ b/content/design.tex
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 	\begin{enumerate}[label=\emph{C\textsubscript{\arabic*}}, itemsep=0.2pt]
 		\item We analyze the requirements for \mysystem (\Cref{ss:requirements_analysis}).
 		\item We propose a conceptual design for \mysystem's architecture (\Cref{ss:design_of_mysystem})
-		\item We describe how \mysystem enables predictive analytics through digital twinning (\Cref{ss:design_discussion})
+		\item We describe how \mysystem fulfills the functional and non-functional requirements in \Cref{ss:requirement_validation}.
 	\end{enumerate}
 \end{mynote}
 \section{Requirements Analysis}\label{ss:requirements_analysis}
@@ -21,10 +21,11 @@ We identify four main stakeholders of a predictive datacenter digital twin:
 	\item \textbf{Datacenter Managers}\\
 	      Responsible for maintenance and operation of the warehouse, operators manage the datacenter daily.
 	      They interact with the servers, bring downed hosts up and ensure customers' services run smoothly at all times.
+	      Importantly, datacenter operators follow a strict set of policies for taking different action.
 	      Datacenter operators need to ensure different \gls{sla}s are met, energy costs are balanced and carbon emission quota is maintained.
-	\item \textbf{Datacenter Technicians}\\
+	\item \textbf{Datacenter Engineers}\\
 	      The term datacenter engineers encompasses datacenter architects and technicians alike.
-	      From the moment the datacenter layout is determined, to the physical process of booting the server racks for the first time, datacenter engineers help build and maintain the datacenter.
+	      From the moment datacenter architects determine the warehouse layout, to the physical process of booting the server racks for the first time by the technicians, datacenter engineers help build and maintain the datacenter.
 	      They must continuously adapt to changing requirements and ensure everything goes smoothly~\cite{DBLP:journals/computer/AthavaleBBMMPS24}.
 	\item \textbf{Scientists and Academia}\\
 	      Digital twinning generates unprecedented amount of data.
@@ -64,9 +65,10 @@ Based on the identified stakeholders we list 6 potential use-cases for a predict
 \subsection{Functional Requirements}\label{sss:functional_requirements}
 Based on a subset of the above use-cases, we formulate the functional and non-functional requirements for \mysystem:
 \begin{enumerate}[label=\textbf{FR\arabic* --},align=left]
-	\item \textbf{The system should be able to handle workloads of arbitrary size.} \\
-	      Existing systems range from Cloud through the Edge to HPC digital twins.
-	      Therefore, \mysystem must support workloads similar in length and type to the commercial setting.
+	\item \textbf{The system should be able to handle workload size representative of its modelling technique.} \\
+	      Existing \gls{dt}s range from Cloud through the Edge to HPC.
+	      Therefore, \mysystem must not impose any significant limitations on the size or type of the workload it runs.
+	      In particular, \mysystem must be able to handle workloads as large as the underlying modelling technique permits.
 	      Without \textbf{FR1}, \mysystem will be incomplete, and like the majority of the \Cref{tab:dt_features_comparison} systems, its use-case will be niche.
 	      \textbf{FR1} is necessary to avoid overly-specializing the \gls{dcdt}.
 	\item \textbf{The system should support failure detection.}\\
@@ -102,8 +104,9 @@ Based on a subset of the above use-cases, we formulate the functional and non-fu
 \subsection{Non-functional Requirements}\label{sss:non_functional_requirements}
 In addition to the functional requirements, we also present non-functional requirements for \mysystem:
 \begin{enumerate}[label=\textbf{NFR\arabic* --},align=left]
-	\item \textbf{The system should enable real-time insights and visualizations.} \\
+	\item \textbf{Using \mysystem should not introduce any delays in visualizations longer than 1 second.}\\
 	      The system must work in real-time, without significant delay.
+	      We impose 1 second delay as acceptable to datacenter engineers.
 	      The system must support datacenter operators with insights at fine-grained granularity, so that insights derived from data analysis remain accurate upon reception by datacenter operators.
 	      Without \textbf{NFR1}, \mysystem's insights will not be timely, and will be useless to datacenter operators.
 	\item \textbf{The system should log the ingestion and processing of metrics.} \\
@@ -116,14 +119,6 @@ In addition to the functional requirements, we also present non-functional requi
 	      Without \textbf{NFR4}, the system will present overwhelming amount of information to its users, rendering it unusable.
 \end{enumerate}
 
-\begin{figure}[ht]
-	\centering
-	\includegraphics[width=0.75\linewidth]{images/ref_architecture.png}
-	\caption[The predictive datacenter digital twin architecture.]{The predictive datacenter digital twin reference architecture.
-		We call the system \emph{Sunfish}.
-		The architecture was designed with the \emph{AtLarge Design Process}~\cite{DBLP:conf/icdcs/IosupVTETBFMT19} over several iterations in the past months.}
-	\label{fig:reference_architecture}
-\end{figure}
 
 \section{Overview of \mysystem Architecture}\label{ss:design_of_mysystem}
 As a result of the \emph{AtLarge Design Process}~\cite{DBLP:conf/icdcs/IosupVTETBFMT19} designed a reference architecture for a predictive datacenter digital twin.
@@ -135,6 +130,7 @@ As a result of the \emph{AtLarge Design Process}~\cite{DBLP:conf/icdcs/IosupVTET
 	\item predictive analytics.
 \end{enumerate*}
 
+\subsection{The Physical Datacenter}\label{sss:physical_datacenter}
 The physical datacenter (I) encompasses 3 core elements important to digital twinning.
 Workloads (\myCircled{1a}) include the hardware requirements of each datacenter job and the submission time.
 They are executed on the datacenter compute (\myCircled{1b}), which is controlled partly by the Datacenter Operators (\myCircled{1c}).
@@ -142,8 +138,20 @@ Component (\myCircled{1c}), while seemingly unimportant, is crucial to the digit
 We envision \gls{dcdt}s as systems that contain a human-in-the-loop, which can control and overwrite the system's autonomous decisions.
 Datacenter Operators (\myCircled{1c}) interact with both the Servers (\myCircled{1b}), and have the ability to overwrite the potential autonomous digital twin decisions, stemming from component (\myCircled{2c}), the System Knobs.
 
+\begin{figure}[t!]
+	\centering
+	\includegraphics[width=0.75\linewidth]{images/ref_architecture.png}
+	\caption[The predictive datacenter digital twin architecture.]{The predictive datacenter digital twin reference architecture.
+		We call the system \emph{Sunfish}.
+		The architecture was designed with the \emph{AtLarge Design Process}~\cite{DBLP:conf/icdcs/IosupVTETBFMT19} over several iterations in the past months.}
+	\label{fig:reference_architecture}
+\end{figure}
+\subsection{The Digital Thread}\label{sss:digital_thread}
 The Digital Thread (II) is a novel contribution from \Cref{s:background}.
+It is a crucial element of our architecture.
 It separates the physical world from the virtual world, and contains components that do not belong to either twin, or belong to both twins.
+Otherwise, it would be unclear how to model the data flow between the physical and the digital twin (\ie which elements take part in the information exchange).
+Conceptually separating the physical and virtual twin makes it easier to comprehend and compartmentalize the design.
 It contains the Interactive Dashboard (\myCircled{2a}), the Message Broker (\myCircled{2b}), and System Knobs (\myCircled{2c}).
 
 To fulfill the functional requirements of our system, we incorporate element (\myCircled{2a}), the Interactive Dashboard to our system.
@@ -152,12 +160,21 @@ The Interactive Dashboard (\myCircled{2a}) allows datacenter operators to see th
 
 The Message Broker (\myCircled{2b}) is a crucial component to the reference architecture, because it facilities the physical twin $\rightarrow$ virtual twin connection.
 A low-latency, high-throughput message broker partly meets our functional requirements to enable arbitrary amounts of telemetry data transfer.
-We elaborate on the specific components that make up the message broker (\myCircled{2b}) in \Cref{sss:message_broker}.
+The Message Broker (\myCircled{2b}) is a component is slightly more complex, and necessities a separate diagram.
+In \Cref{fig:message_broker} we present the composite elements that make up the Message Broker.
+In particular, the \emph{schema registry} and the \emph{connector manager} play a crucial part in fulfilling the functional requirements of our system.
+The \emph{schema registry} allows the telemetry producer to submit \emph{any} data format for sending (and storing) the telemetry data.The registry is responsible for detecting what kind of format is the data sent in, and automatically adjusting the schema within the \emph{data pipeline}.
+The connector manager is responsible for joining multiple distinct services to a single data pipeline.
+In the reference architecture, the consumers would constitute the Database (\myCircled{3a}), the Cache (\myCircled{3b}), and the Interactive Dashboard (\myCircled{2a}).
+What is remarkable about the connector manager is the ability to swiftly connect more consumers to the system.
+This way, the predictive digital twin can facilitate multiple different types of analytics engines or techniques.
+Additionally, the setup in \Cref{fig:message_broker} is currently standard industry practice for large software deployments.
 
 The System Knobs (\myCircled{2c}) represent the different cogs within the datacenter software and hardware (\myCircled{1b}) that can be adjusted during runtime (\eg to optimize \gls{pue}, change cooling strategy, allocate compute resources).
 For example, System Knobs (\myCircled{2c}) within the datacenter scheduler can be tuned to schedule jobs on Servers (\myCircled{1b}) that are least likely to experience future downtime.
 The autonomous actions of the digital twin (the tuning of the System Knobs (\myCircled{2c})) can be further adjusted by Datacenter Operators (\myCircled{1c}).
 
+\subsection{The Digital Twin}\label{sss:the_digital_twin_archi}
 In our design, we explicitly differentiate between the physical and virtual space by including the Digital Twin (III) in a separate box.
 The Digital Twin (III) constitutes of the long-term storage (\myCircled{3a}), short-term storage (\myCircled{3b}), the API Server (\myCircled{3c}) and the Predictive Analytics (IV) module.
 
@@ -176,6 +193,7 @@ The API Server (\myCircled{3c}) communicates directly with the System Knobs (\my
 Additionally, the Physical Twin (III) can query the API Server (\myCircled{3c}) for one-shot requests (\eg to create a new datacenter prototype configuration, to request special data analysis).
 Moreover, the Datacenter Operators (\myCircled{1c}) can query the API Server (\myCircled{3c}) for extra insights, when necessary.
 
+\subsection{The Predictive Analytics Engine}\label{sss:predictive_analytics_engine}
 The Predictive Analytics (IV) module is an extensible part of the reference architecture, enabling different kinds of predictive analysis.
 In our design, to facilitate meaningful predictions we incorporate an Event-driven Simulator (\myCircled{4a}), Analytics Engine (\myCircled{4b}), and a Monitoring Service (\myCircled{4c}).
 
@@ -197,15 +215,13 @@ Any discrepancies are communicated to the Analytics Engine (\myCircled{4b}) for
 	\caption[The detailed view of the Message Broker.]{The detailed view of the Message Broker (\myCircled{2b}) from \Cref{fig:reference_architecture}.}
 	\label{fig:message_broker}
 \end{figure}
-\section{The Digital Thread and Predictive Analytics}\label{ss:detailed_design}
-\subsection{Message Broker}\label{sss:message_broker}
-The Message Broker (\myCircled{2b}) is a component is slightly more complex, and necessities a separate diagram.
-In \Cref{fig:message_broker} we present the composite elements that make up the Message Broker.
-In particular, the \emph{schema registry} and the \emph{connector manager} play a crucial part in fulfilling the functional requirements of our system.
-The \emph{schema registry} allows the telemetry producer to submit \emph{any} data format for sending (and storing) the telemetry data.The registry is responsible for detecting what kind of format is the data sent in, and automatically adjusting the schema within the \emph{data pipeline}.
-The connector manager is responsible for joining multiple distinct services to a single data pipeline.
-In the reference architecture, the consumers would constitute the Database (\myCircled{3a}), the Cache (\myCircled{3b}), and the Interactive Dashboard (\myCircled{2a}).
-What is remarkable about the connector manager is the ability to swiftly connect more consumers to the system.
-This way, the predictive digital twin can facilitate multiple different types of analytics engines or techniques.
-Additionally, the setup is \Cref{fig:message_broker} is currently standard industry practice for large software deployments.
+
 \section{Requirement Validation}\label{ss:requirement_validation}
+%How does this model satisfy the requirements? 
+%How did you arrive at this specific model?
+
+
+
+
+
+\section{Discussion}\label{ss:discussion_archi}
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